脱氮菌群富集改性给水厂污泥同步控制氮磷污染的特征与机制

According to the strategic planning of our country regarding “ecological civilization construction” and realistic demand on synchronous control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in natural water, and basing on the principle of “dealing with waste by waste”, this study aims to investigate characteristics and mechanisms of modifying drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) by enriching denitrification bacteria to synchronously control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The study will be carried out by using various physical-chemical and molecular biological techniques, including high-throughput sequencing and isotopic tracing. The characteristics of microorganism in DWTR, the characteristics of DWTR enriched of denitrification bacteria, and environmental effects of modified DWTR will be performed respectively. The final purpose of this study is to identify key factors of affecting DWTR to enrich denitrification bacteria, to establish effective methods to modify DWTR by enriching denitrification bacteria, to discern effecting factors to modified DWTR for practically application, and finally to obtain a denitrification bacteria-modified DWTR with the capability of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results of the study will provide theoretic and technical supports for restoration of aquatic environment, and promote DWTR recycling.

本项目紧跟国家关于“生态文明建设”的战略规划，立足于天然水体中氮磷污染同步控制的现实需求，秉承“以废治废”的理念，深入研究脱氮菌群富集改性给水厂污泥（drinking water treatment residue, DWTR）同步控制氮磷污染的特征与机制。项目拟将运用同位素示踪、高通量测序等物化及分子生物学技术手段，从不同DWTR内生微生物特性、DWTR富集脱氮菌群特征以及改性DWTR的环境效应三个方面依次开展研究，进而辨识影响DWTR富集脱氮菌群的关键要素，建立脱氮菌群富集改性DWTR的有效方法，理清影响改性DWTR应用的关键因子，获得可同步控制氮磷污染的改性DWTR，为水环境修复提供理论与技术支撑，推动DWTR的资源化应用。

本项目紧跟国家关于“生态文明建设”的战略规划，立足于天然水体中氮磷污染同步控制的现实需求，秉承“以废治废”的理念，深入研究给水厂污泥同步控制氮磷污染的特征与机制。首先，揭示了不同脱水给水厂污泥具有积极微生物效应共性特性的内因；基于北京、杭州和长沙三个水厂的样本，借用高通量测序等方法，分别比较了新鲜脱水给水厂污泥（DR）、先后经脱水、风干和好氧培养180 d后给水厂污泥（DFOR）和排泥水（WS）中微生物群落特征；发现不同水厂WS中的微生物群落具有显著差异；然而，脱水处理趋向于降低不同水厂污泥中微生物群落之间的异质性，且连续“脱水-烘干”会促进多种潜在功能菌群的富集。其次，探明了提升给水厂污泥微生物活性的方法；通过接种活性污泥，基于3个梯度浓度的氨氮添加，结合曝气培养法，开展给水厂污泥中氮功能菌富集研究；并借用宏基因组等分子生物学技术，揭示了改性给水厂污泥具有强氮转化能力的内在机制；发现氮和铁功能菌群之间耦合作用是不同氮水平下培养的给水厂污泥具有高氮转化能力的关键机制，并以此构建了可提高污泥微生物活性的“活性污泥接种-氨氮添加-连续曝气”法。最后，形成了给水厂污泥同步有效控制地表水体氮磷污染策略；通过364 d连续流动培养实验，并借用高通量测序、物化提取等方法，深入研究了给水厂污泥作为悬浮基质和底泥覆盖材料，控制富营养化湖水氮磷污染的特征；发现给水厂污泥作为悬浮介质，可以显著削弱悬浮颗粒物覆盖的干扰，有利于其发挥高效的同步脱氮除磷能力。本研究推动了给水厂污泥的资源化，促进“以废治污”的实现，为水环境修复提供理论与技术支撑。