基于网络拓扑与稳定性分析的自适应水生态系统设计与风险修复

Restoration of damaged ecosystems has become an important problem to be solved urgently in the world. However, the self-organization mechanism of maintaining the food web stability is still unclear, and it is still difficult to apply ecosystem theory to engineering design. Based on weak interaction theory and modularization hypothesis, we initially constructed a zero model based on material balance, to focuse on the restoration of ecosystem. This project will systematically study the dynamic of adaptive network topology structure and stability under external stress. Mainly includes: through numerical simulation and field experiments, revealing the inherent mechanism and theory of food web stability maintenance, establishing a food network dynamic model coupled hydrodynamic and water quality, and putting forward the discriminant method of screening key species of food network; using indoor control experiments, analyzing the contribution rate of different types of species interaction to network stability maintenance; coding each node and link, constructing indicators system, evaluating the food web health of adaptive aquatic ecosystem; studying the influence of different types of aquatic ecological engineering on the dynamics of adaptive aquatic food web during design-construction-operation process; from the engineering construction design standard, adding the consideration of food web health, establishing an approach to improve the design and implementation of ecological engineering, and providing theoretical and technical support of damaged ecosystem design and restoration.

受损生态系统的修复已成为全球亟待解决的重要问题，然而食物网自组织过程维持系统稳定性的机制目前尚不清楚，且将生态系统理论应用于工程设计仍有难度。我们前期初步构建了基于物料平衡的零模型，基于弱相互作用理论和模块化假说，着眼于受损系统修复。本项目将系统研究外界胁迫影响下自适应网络拓扑结构与稳定性的动态。主要包括：通过数值模拟及野外实验，揭示食物网稳定性维持内在机制及理论，建立水动力-水质等多要素耦合的食物网动力学模型，提出筛选食物网关键种的判别方法；利用室内控制实验，分析不同类型的物种相互作用对网络稳定性维持的贡献率；编码每个节点与链接，构建指标体系，评估自适应水生态系统的食物网健康；研究不同水生态工程类型在设计-修建-运行过程中对自适应水生食物网动态的影响；从工程施工设计标准上，加入对食物网健康的考量，建立完善的生态工程设计与修复实施方案，对受损生态系统的设计与修复提供理论与技术支持。

受损生态系统的修复已成为全球亟待解决的重要问题，然而食物网自组织过程维持系统稳定性的机制目前尚不清楚，且将生态系统理论应用于工程设计仍有难度。项目基于前期初步构建的物料平衡方程，基于弱相互作用理论和模块化假说，着眼于受损系统修复。本项目开展了外界胁迫影响下自适应网络拓扑结构与稳定性的动态。主要包括：通过数学模型，揭示食物网稳定性维持内在机制及理论，探明分析基于土著种修复、外来种控制的食物网修复模式，提出筛选食物网关键种的判别方法，科学准确地模拟受损生态系统恢复的动态规律，揭示自适应生态系统的演替规律；完善评价食物网健康(FWH)指标体系的建设，构建了食物网健康(FWH)指标，对64种4物种模块与8种3物种模块结构的网络稳定性、连通性以及完整性进行量化分析；通过野外采样与监测的方法，收集云南程海的生态环境相关数据，包含温度、流速、营养盐浓度、壁面粗糙系数、光照等环境条件。鱼类、底栖生物、浮游生物等物种信息，构建程海的物种网络，分析程海食物网的演化。并在此基础上构建了8物种食物网动力学模型，验证模型参数，预测食物网的未来趋势；最后，结合工程的背景，讨论了基于食物网关系的生态工程优化计算模式。对生态工程进行优化设计，初步建立基于生态系统稳定性的网络设计方法，面向决策者提出建设性意见，对受损生态系统的设计与修复提供理论与技术支持。