共聚焦软X射线扫描透射显微三维结构成像

The most urgent issue in modern microscopy development is the combination of ultra-high resolution with the possibility of imaging in all three dimensions,since the three-dimensional(3D) nanostructure of an investigated specimen has basic influence on its biological, chemical and physical properties Synchrotron radiation soft X-ray three-dimensional microscopic imaging has the advantages of high resolution,high penetration,breaking through the limitations of conventional imaging techniques, and showing broad application prospects in the field of life environment and material science. STXM technique is a well established technique for high-contrast imaging of sufficiently transparent specimens (e.g. ultrathin biological tissues, polymer materials, archaeometric specimens or magnetic thin films) with spatial resolutions in the regime of 20 nm and high spectroscopic or chemical sensitivity.The proposal intends to build Confocal Soft X-ray Scanning Transmission Microscopy(CSTXM) technique based on the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Soft X-ray spectroscopic microscopy experiment station. The aim of this proposal is to provide a new lossless, sensitive, and ultra-high spatial resolution with 20nm resolution laterally and 50nm resolution along the optical axis and other characteristics of the detection,imaging,analysis and manipulation methods with super-resolution technique first time. a new technique of detection of 3D and element 3D distribution will be build at soft X-ray range

亚微米、甚至纳米空间尺度的物质成分组成以及化学性质决定了许多重要材料的宏观物理、化学性质，所以高分辨率的三维结构成像技术的研究就很重要。同步辐射软X射线三维显微成像具有高分辨率、高穿透性和元素识别等优点，突破了传统成像技术的限制，在生命科学、环境科学和材料科学领域展现了广阔的应用前景。本项目拟在上海光源软X射线谱学显微实验站（SSRF STXM)利用共聚焦显微镜的工作原理，依托现有的软X射线扫描透射（STXM)显微技术建立共聚焦软X射线显微(CSTXM)技术，首次引入超分辨技术解决目前由于聚焦原件波带片焦深的限制，使得横向分辨率达到30纳米和轴向50nm高空间分辨的三维结构成像技术。突破了传统CT技术带来的一些实验困难，通过在光轴方向移动样品来实现三维结构成像。为在软X射线波段研究物体的三维结构以及微量元素在空间的三维分布提供了提供一种全新的研究手段

本项目针对上海光源用户BL081A软X射线谱学显微实验站用于用户对样品内特定元素识别的需求，按照项目计划在上海光源BL081A软X射线谱学显微实验站平台上搭建了一套共聚焦软X射线谱学显微技术的实验平台，实现了各个元器件的运动控制，并开发了相应的控制软件，实现了波带片、小孔和样品的扫描 ，由于受制于束线通量强度，在使用样品后增加一片波带片后然后再加一个小孔的方案未能获得有效的结果，经过和国内外专家的交流讨论，及时调整了方案，利用焦点堆栈方法，最终也实现了快速三维结构成像和特定元素的三维空间分布。针对传统算法的不足，本文对传统算法进行了发展和完善，系统地开展了基于同步辐射X射线的焦点堆栈三维成像方法学的研究，并将其与谱学显微相结合，发展了双能焦点堆栈三维成像方法，用于快速获取样品中特定元素的空间分布。在上海光源软X射线谱学显微实验站建立了焦点堆栈实验方法，这种实验方法已经对所有用户进行了开放共享，并且和用户合作进行了纳米纸材料的相关研究。