梳状光热转换相变储能一体化材料的制备及其光热转换与热能存储的机理研究

The development of novel solar-thermal conversion and storage materials is an effective approach to improve utilization efficiency of solar energy. At present, the solar-thermal conversion and storage materials exist several problems, including low energy storage density, poor system stability, and low solar-thermal conversion efficiency. In this project, according to the structural design of solar-thermal conversion and storage materials, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified single-walled carbon nanotubes are introduced into the comb-polyurethane phase change materials to fabricate a comb solar-thermal conversion and storage materials integrating the functions of photon capture, solar-thermal conversion and energy storage for the whole wavelength of sunlight. PEG molecules are linked to the main chain of the comb polyurethane by molecular design, which activate the arrangement and orientation of PEG segments and improve the crystallization ability and energy storage density of polyurethane. The dispersion uniformity and reactivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the composite materials are improved through PEG modification. The molecular structures PEG-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes and comb polyurethane are regulate to realize the controllable of solar-thermal conversion and energy storage performance of the comb solar-thermal conversion and storage materials. The mechanism of solar-thermal conversion and energy storage for the comb solar-thermal conversion and storage materials is reveal to provide a scientific basis for the optimization and breakthrough of solar-thermal conversion materials.

开发集光热转换与相变储能功能于一体的新型光热材料，有助于实现太阳能的高效利用。针对目前光热转换相变储能材料面临着储能密度低、体系稳定性差、光热转化效率不高等科学问题，本项目拟从光热转换相变储能材料的结构设计出发，将聚乙二醇（PEG）修饰单壁碳纳米管与梳状聚氨酯相变材料有机结合，构建集光捕捉、光热转换和相变储能功能于一体的梳状光热转换相变储能材料，实现对太阳光全波段光捕集、光热转换和热能存储；通过分子设计将PEG分子以侧链梳状的方式链接在聚氨酯主链上以提高PEG链段的运动自由度，改善材料的结晶能力和储能效率；通过单壁碳纳米管的PEG可控修饰提高碳纳米管在光热转换体系中的分散性能和反应活性；通过对PEG修饰单壁碳纳米管结构及聚氨酯中软硬段分子结构的控制，实现光热转换相变储能材料光热转换和储热性能的可控；揭示梳状光热转换相变储能材料的光热转换和热能存储机理，为光热转换材料的优化和突破提供理论依据

太阳能光热转换是利用太阳能最简单、最直接、最有效的途径。开发集光热转换与相变储能功能于一体的新型光热材料，利用相变材料将光热转换得到的热能存储起来，有助于实现太阳能的高效利用。针对目前光热转换相变储能材料面临着储能密度低、体系稳定性差、光热转化效率不高等科学问题，本项目从光热转换相变储能材料的结构设计出发，将多巴胺修饰二维纳米材料（迈克烯、黑磷纳米片）与聚乙二醇型聚氨酯相变材料有机结合，构建集光捕捉、光热转换和相变储能功能于一体的光热转换相变储能材料，实现对太阳光全波段光捕集、光热转换和热能存储；通过分子设计将聚乙二醇分子链接在聚氨酯链段，提高聚乙二醇链段的运动自由度，改善材料的结晶能力和储能效率，从而获得储能密度高、化学稳定性好的光热转换相变储能材料；通过多巴胺可控修饰提高二维纳米材料在光热转换体系中的分散性能和反应活性，从而提高光热转换相变储能材料的光热转换效率和稳定性；通过对多巴胺修饰二维纳米材料结构及聚氨酯中软硬段分子结构的控制，实现光热转换相变储能材料光热转换和储热性能的可控；揭示光热转换相变储能材料的光热转换和热能存储机理，为光热转换材料的优化和突破提供了理论依据。