基于本地化排放因子的东北地区高精度大气氨排放清单研究

Ammonia (NH3) inventory is one of major sources of uncertainty in air quality modeling and forecast in China. The uncertainty is attributed to the lack of local emission factor (EF) measurements and amendment. As an important nation’s bread basket, chemical fertilization application and livestock breeding could release amounts of NH3, which may affect local air quality and aggravate regional haze in northeastern China. Until now, however, there is no available NH3 inventory based on local EFs. This project proposes to develop a high-resolution inventory of NH3 for northeastern China based on local parameters. First, local EF of NH3 from agricultural fertilization will be measured in situ, which provide basic and important index for inventory. The EF values will be also amended by local characteristics of agricultural production and environmental variable. Then, we will develop a NH3 emission inventory with resolution of 1km×1km and reveal major sources with their spatio-temporal patterns. Second, based on sampling and collection of atmospheric wet deposition, we will analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of ammonium in wet deposition. Then, NH3 emission inventory will be amended and optimized by wet deposition results. This project on the one hand could contribute to the identification of crucial pollution sources and provide the basis for environmental management and decision; on the other hand, this work is quite helpful to the monitoring and modeling of air quality by providing key parameters and science basis.

氨源清单是空气质量模拟和预测不确定性的主要来源之一，这主要是因为缺乏各地区的氨排放因子的本地化信息和修正方法。东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，农业化肥施用以及畜禽养殖过程均可导致大量的氨气排放，这会影响当地以及区域空气质量甚至加剧大气灰霾污染。然而，目前该地区尚未建立完善的基于当地实测排放因子的氨源清单。本项目拟以我国东北地区氨气排放为研究对象，首先对当地主要作物农业化肥施用的氨排放因子进行观测试验，依据当地农业生产特征、生物和环境要素对排放因子进行本地化修正，建立基于本地实测数据的区域高精度氨排放清单，揭示该区域氨的主要来源及时空特征。其次，基于大气湿沉降的采集和分析，分析铵态氮湿沉降的时空特征及来源，尝试用以校验和优化氨排放清单。本项目的研究成果可为识别重点污染源和环境管理决策提供参考依据，也可为有关该区的空气质量观测和模型模拟研究提供基础数据和科学依据。

氨源清单是空气质量模拟和预测不确定性的主要来源之一，这主要是因为缺乏各地区的氨排放因子的本地化信息和修正方法。东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，农业化肥施用以及畜禽养殖过程均可导致大量的氨气排放，这会影响当地以及区域空气质量、加剧大气灰霾污染。然而，目前该地区尚未建立完善的基于当地实测排放因子的氨源清单。本项目以我国东北地区氨气排放为研究对象，首先对当地主要作物农业化肥施用的氨排放因子开展了观测试验，并通过问卷调查和文献调研等方法对当地农田化肥施用的氨排放因子进行了本地化修正；建立了基于本地实测和第一手调研数据资料的区域高精度氨排放清单，揭示该区域氨的主要来源及时空特征；并对本地农田氨排放清单的不确定性进行了分析。本项目的研究成果可为识别东北区域重点大气污染源和环境管理决策提供参考依据，也可为有关该区的空气质量观测和模型模拟研究提供基础数据和科学依据。