高水平大学教师的职业压力、学术激情与活力研究

With many years of study experience on academic profession and system, I am increasingly aware that academic work needs a more sustained inner passion and drive compared to other occupation, and they are the source for faculty to maintain original vitality. However, at the group level, faculty’s passion and driving force not only come from their inherent psychological characteristics, such as personal habits, achievement motivation and desire, they are also influenced by factors form external specific system, policy and organizational environment, such as the moderate pressure, reasonable division and differentiation mechanism, sustained achievement recognition etc.. This study attempts to describe the performance features of faculty’s occupation pressure, working enthusiasm (maintain, brownout and burnout), academic vitality, and analyze the correlation mechanism among them. At the same time, through the analysis of the links between them and environment variables, we hope to provide an empirical evaluation on China's academic system and its characteristics, and put forward some suggestions about policy adjustment and system improvement.

在从事多年学术职业与制度研究过程中我越来越意识到，相对于其他职业，学术工作更需要一种持续的内在激情与驱动，它是维持学术原创活力的源头。但是，在群体意义上，学者的激情与驱动力不仅仅源自个人习性、成就动机与欲求等内在心理特征，它还往往与外在特定的体制、政策与组织环境间存在高度关联，譬如由制度所施加的适度压力、合理的分工与分化机制、持续的成就认可等等。本研究便尝试对当前我国部分高水平大学教师的职业压力、工作激情（维持、消褪与倦怠）、学术活力等三方面表现特征予以系统性研究，分析三者间的关联机制及其与相关制度、组织、技术环境变量间的关系，从而对我国学术体制运行过程及其特点予以实证意义上的检视，并有针对性地提出相关制度完善与政策调整建议。

本课题采用文献研究、问卷调查与访谈等，获取了有关我国高水平大学（“双一流”机构）教师职业压力与学术活力表现等数据，对高校教师职业压力、学术激情以及倦怠等状况做了全面的描述性分析；在对彼此之间的关系和影响方式与机制予以实证分析的同时，结合有关心理学、社会学与政策研究领域相关理论，对人们处于不同压力状态下的信念、行为方式选择及其与组织环境间的互动机制做了较为全面的理论解释。研究表明：职业压力与高校教师教学科研活力之间呈现倒U型曲线关系，当前教师职业压力与倦怠水平处于中等偏上水平，学术激情更倾向于强迫激情而不是和谐激情；环境压力多少影响了人们开展高风险原创研究的动力，它虽然促成了教师的工作时间投入，但也加剧了时间紧张与焦虑，并对不同职业生涯阶段教师的职业认同带来影响，甚至引发学术职业人群中年危机提前现象。研究解释了上述现象与宏观政策、组织环境特别是学术评价制度之间的关联机制，并提出了相关对策与建议。