北疆地区境外草地螟虫源迁入路径及迁飞特性研究

The Loxostege sticticalis is an important migratory pests, Loxostege sticticalis in Xinjiang disasters occurred in the north of the Tianshan Mountains adjacent to the border areas of the Altay, Tacheng and Bole, and Kazakhstan. The seriousness of the Loxostege sticticalis in Xinjiang disasters, specificity, complexity, and basic research lag, intends to apply for project moved into the path of north Xinjiang outside Loxostege sticticalis source as the starting point, the country of Kazakhstan to the north Xinjiang region long-range level of migration law as a breakthrough, integrated use of multi-disciplinary principle of biology, ecology, and atmospheric dynamics, the use of ovarian anatomy，exotic population dynamic monitoring， the key meteorological factors and atmospheric circulation analysis to ascertain the northern Xinjiang border region outside of the Loxostege sticticalis source to move the path, migration process, migration phenology and migration of meteorological and other scientific issues, to clarify the Loxostege sticticalis in Xinjiang to move into the relationship between the geographic fields of disasters and overseas, to reveal the outside Loxostege sticticalis source migration laws, and provide a scientific basis for raising the level of the Xinjiang disaster prevention and control of Loxostege sticticalis.

草地螟是一种重要的迁飞害虫，目前新疆草地螟灾害发生于北疆（天山山脉以北）与哈萨克斯坦毗邻的阿勒泰、塔城、博乐等边境地区。针对新疆草地螟灾害发生的严重性、特殊性、复杂性及基础研究的滞后性，拟申请项目以新疆北疆境外草地螟虫源迁入路径为切入点，综合运用生物学、生态学及大气动力学等多学科原理与方法，采用卵巢解剖、同时（期）异域（发生区）种群数量动态监测、生理生化指标测定、轨迹分析和关键气象因子和大气环流分析，弄清北疆边境地区境外草地螟虫源迁入路径、迁飞时间、迁飞生理和迁飞气象等科学问题，阐明草地螟迁飞的生态因子条件及特征，揭示境外草地螟虫源迁飞规律，为有效地控制新疆草地螟灾害提高提供科学依据。

草地螟是一种重要的迁飞性害虫，目前新疆草地螟灾害发生于北疆（天山山脉以北）与哈萨克斯坦毗邻的阿勒泰、塔城等边境地区。针对新疆草地螟灾害发生的严重性、特殊性、复杂性及基础研究的滞后性，本项目以新疆北疆境外草地螟虫源迁入路径为切入点，采用卵巢解剖、同时（期）异域（发生区）种群数量动态监测、关键气象因子和大气风场分析，重点回答了3个问题：.1）北疆地区草地螟一代成虫虫源性质研究.采用卵巢发育进度分析和有效积温法，结合测报灯诱蛾和种群动态监测，表明研究区域草地螟一代成虫存在种群数量突增突减现象；一代草地螟成虫种群数量较低时，88.77 %雌蛾卵巢发育处于Ⅰ级，此时多为本地虫源；草地螟种群数量突然增加且幅度较大时，60.98%的卵巢发育处于Ⅲ级，此时多为迁入性虫源。表明新疆北疆地区草地螟灾害是由本地虫源和境外迁入性虫源共同危害所致。.2）北疆地区境外草地螟迁飞路径研究.通过草地螟迁飞种群数量监测、迁飞区域大气环流风场数据，研究得出：境外草地螟虫源地主要为哈萨克斯坦西部，草地螟种群在条件合适的情况下，自西向东跨境迁飞至北疆哈巴河地区，同时草地螟在高温条件下存在由低海拔向高海拔、低纬度向高纬度区域迁飞的现象。.3）草地螟迁飞与环境因子相关性研究.温度和降水量是影响草地螟迁飞的重要气象因子，草地螟迁飞种群主要依靠近地面气流飞行，成虫迁飞的高度大多距离地面400-500 m，低层西北气流风场和20℃以上的温度条件，有利于草地螟的起飞和飞行，降水和湿度过大是导致迁飞种群降落的重要因素；草地螟迁飞与风向和风速有直接关系；蜜源植物的丰富度直接影响到迁入种群的生存和繁殖，草地螟迁飞区域选择与湿度有一定关系。