关中农村居民生活节水行为研究：行为解析-语境分析-3C理论

Study on water-saving behavior is an important point in the field of water resource management. Research on this topic provides the basis for ensuring domestic water use security and building a conservation-oriented society in rural areas. However, water-saving behavior is a comprehensive complex, which affected by numerous factors. Therefore, the research on water-saving behavior towards domestic water usage and discovering its influential factors are very important for public policy making. In this study, approximately 400-500 households in the villages that receive piped water by the Chinese National Security Drinking Water Project in Shannxi Plain are selected as samples. Questionnaires, water diary, video recording and smart meters are combined for data collection. Resident’s water-saving behavior are analyzed by disassembling water use activities and applying sociology theory and research methods such as Contextual Analysis and 3C theory (Cleanliness, Comfort, and Convenience). This study aims to (1) discover the relationship and interaction among water use behavior “activities fragments – water use types (category - item) – temporal-spatial chain of daily activities”, behavioral contexts (subjective factors, objective materials and temporal-spatial organizations ) and 3C theory, (2) determine the criteria for discriminating resident’s water-saving behavior towards domestic water consumption, and (3) develop a model for water-saving behavior from the perspective of sociological science and behavioral framework. This study provides a scientific basis for exploring and recognizing the essence of water-saving behavior and domestic water consumption activities.

节水行为研究是水资源管理学科的研究热点之一，也是保障农村生活用水安全、构建节约型社会的基础。然而，居民节水行为是一个复杂体，影响因素众多，如何揭示、判别节水行为具有重要的科学意义。对此，本研究以关中地区国家安全饮水工程覆盖的村庄为例，采用问卷、用水日记、影像记录和智能水表相结合的方法，通过对用水行为拆析并引入语境分析、3C理论等社会学理论与研究方法，重点研究:（1）居民用水行为“行为片段-活动项目（类目-条目）-时空组织链条”与行为语境（主观因素、活动材料和时空组织）、3C理论（清洁、便利和舒适）之间的内在关系；（2）居民节水行为的判别依据与评判标准；（3）构建基于行为学、社会学框架下的居民节水行为模型。本研究为识别居民节水行为内涵，探索家庭生活用水行为本质提供科学依据。

节水行为研究是水资源管理学科的研究热点之一，也是保障农村生活用水安全、构建节约型社会的基础。本研究以关中地区农村饮水安全工程覆盖下的村庄为例，采用问卷、用水日记、影像记录和智能水表相结合的方法，通过对用水结构、用水行为解析、语境分析等社会学理论与研究方法，研究内容与结果如下：（1）基于居民用水行为“行为片段-活动项目-时空组织链条”与行为语境，完成了16个典型生活型家庭的日常用水活动时空链条及56个典型家庭主要用水活动时空关系图构建，在微观尺度上揭示了关中地区家庭用水活动时空分布与性别差异。（2）基于行为语境分析，厘清了计费方式调整对典型生活型家庭用水影响因素，明确了基于用水秩序的居民节水行为的判别依据，揭示了不同节水干预手段对居民用水量的影响差异。（3）基于节水型器具用户调查，厘清了节水型器具使用对家庭节水影响，明确了节水型洗衣机为家庭节水4.22 L/d，提出了12条措施来促进节水型器具使用。（4）基于大尺度家庭生活用水时空数据，分析了不同区域的居民生活用水时空变异特征，明晰了居民生活用水量空间上驱动差异。（5）基于居民用水行为分析，分析了当地居民主导节水行为及其性别差异，构建了行为学与心理学框架下的居民生活节水行为模型，明确了节水行为驱动性别差异；结合家庭3C用水（清洁、便利和舒适）特征，确定了家庭人均基本用水量与及节水潜力。本研究为识别居民节水行为内涵，探索家庭生活用水行为本质、制定科学的家庭生活节水行为政策提供科学依据。