溶胀——嵌段共聚物纳米颗粒的制备与结构重整的新方法

Swelling is a good strategy for controlling the microphase separation and architectures of block copolymer nanomaterials. The deep understanding of physical chemistry problems related to the swelling process will help us get basic knowledge for manipulating these nanostructures. In this project we will study the swelling process of block copolymer nanoparticles, especially focus on these influential factors which are different with that in thin film cases, such as non-solvents and curvature of nanoparticles. Based on the solubility parameters of block copolymers, solvent and nonsolvent, we will conduct systematical experiments to grasp the critical factors controlling the swelling-induced nanostructures of block copolymers. Moreover, we will make modifications in these swelling-induced patterned nanostructures, to produce multifunctional complex nanoparticles which have luminescent and targeting functional groups. On the other hand, to understand the swelling process of block copolymer nanoparticles delivering drugs, the hybrid nanoparticles, which combined block copolymer and small molecules that may have specific interactions with block copolymers, will be studied also. Such a multifunction-integrated particle system with complex nanostructures can be used as new drug-delivering vehicles in nanomedicine.

嵌段共聚物纳米结构可以通过溶胀来进行其微相分离和空间结构的调控，深入了解其溶胀过程所伴随的物理化学问题是掌握这一调控手段的重要理论依据。本课题主要研究嵌段共聚物纳米颗粒的溶胀过程，重点突出纳米颗粒溶胀所特有的非溶剂环境、以及颗粒曲率大小对溶胀结构的影响，结合嵌段共聚物两个组分、溶剂、非溶剂的溶解度参数等物理化学数据，来深入分析溶胀的发展过程及走向，掌握影响嵌段共聚物纳米颗粒溶胀结构的核心因素。并且，在溶胀后形成的图案化结构基础上，重点进行具有荧光及生物靶向性的功能分子在颗粒内部或表面的定位修饰，实现多功能集成的复合颗粒结构的构筑。同时，我们也把溶胀体系拓展到包含与嵌段共聚物有特殊相互作用小分子的杂化颗粒体系，模拟负载药物分子的嵌段共聚物颗粒的溶胀过程，了解杂化颗粒体系所具有的特殊问题。这种多功能集成的、具有复杂空间结构的颗粒体系可以成为未来纳米医药研究领域中重要的药物缓释载体。

本课题主要研究嵌段共聚物纳米颗粒的溶胀过程，深入探索了纳米颗粒溶胀中环境因素，如是否存在有相互作用的小分子，溶剂-非溶剂的溶度参数，是否有空间限制、颗粒的自身因素（颗粒尺寸、曲率），及嵌段共聚物自身性质（组分比，链长）对溶胀过程及溶胀结构的影响；并且结合多巴胺聚合过程与性质的调控，探索通过表面修饰进行功能集成的新方法，为后续基于嵌段共聚物纳米结构的多功能集成体系的研究打下重要基础。