钨/氮化铝彩色太阳能吸收涂层的可控制备及构效关系研究

With the demand of solar energy building, colour solar absorbing coating obtained more and more attention. For the current thermal utilization of solar energy, the solar energy spectrally selective absorbing coating is very important. But it is hard to control the colour with good optical properties (absorption and emission). In order to solve this key problem, we use the glancing angle deposition and the optical thin film design software to design and prepare W/AlN colour solar energy absorption coating with high absorption and lower emission. Then we can control and design the colour and optical properties. We use the modern analytical tool to research the effect of the experimental parameters on film composition, structure and morphology during the film deposition. After the careful research of optical properties and colour, we can reveal the relationship among the thin film microstructure, optical properties and colour. Finally, we can design and prepare the colour solar energy absorbing coating with good optical properties. This project will not only deepen the understanding of the intrinsic relationship among microstructure and optical properties, colour properties, but also enrich and improve the research of controllable design of colour solar absorbing coating and finally provide a theoretical basis for the development and exploration of new energy materials...

随着太阳能与建筑一体化需求，彩色太阳能光谱吸收涂层得到越来越多的重视。本项目针对目前太阳能光热利用中彩色太阳能光谱吸收涂层颜色与光学性能（吸收率、发射率）二者难以兼顾的问题，利用倾斜角沉积技术，可控制备具有特定光学常数的微纳结构薄膜，通过光学薄膜设计软件，设计和制备具有高吸收率、低发射率的钨/氮化铝彩色太阳能吸收涂层，实现对光学性能和颜色的可控设计。利用现代表征分析手段，研究倾角沉积过程中实验参数对于薄膜组分、结构和形貌的影响，考察薄膜光学性能及颜色的性质，揭示薄膜微结构与光学性能、颜色性质变化之间的内在关系，最终制备出具有优异光学性能的彩色太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层。本项目将加深对薄膜微结构与光学性能，颜色性质之间内在关系的认识，丰富和完善彩色太阳能吸收涂层的可控设计研究，进而为新型光热材料的开发与探索提供理论依据。

针对太阳能建筑一体化及高温光热发电需求，本课题开展了彩色及高温太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层的可控制备及构效关系研究。制备了表面织构化的W薄膜及彩色太阳能吸收涂层并研究了构效关系。通过光学软件模拟，获取了不锈钢、钨、氮化铝、超高温陶瓷、光学玻璃、氧化铝等材料的光学常数，并以此为基础成功模拟设计出各类太阳能吸收涂层。依据光学模拟结果，利用磁控溅射技术，可控制备出了SS/W/AlN、SS/TiC/Al2O3、SS/TiC-Y/Al2O3、SS/TiC-ZrC/Al2O3、SS/TiC-WC/Al2O3、SS/Al2O3 (L)-WC/Al2O3 (H)-WC/Al2O3、SS/TiN/Al2O3系列太阳能吸收涂层。该类太阳能吸收涂层吸收率大于0.92、发射率小于0.12，且具有良好的热稳定性能(大于600oC)、抗腐蚀性能和抗热震性能并具有不同颜色。该研究工作提供了一种简单且具有普适性的彩色及高温太阳能吸收涂层制备新方法，丰富和发展了彩色及高温太阳能吸收涂层膜系理论，揭示了涂层构效关系，阐明了彩色涂层形成机制及高温下光学衰减机理，为此类彩色及高温太阳能吸收涂层的可控制备奠定了理论基础。