新城区居住就业空间协调发展机制及规划调控研究——以苏南地区为实证

When the urbanization of China marched toward the era of urban society, many large cities bring forward leapfrog development strategy. New town construction developed rapidly. On the basis of learning experiences and lessons of job-housing balance concept from the western new town practice, the new town practice of China didn't realize the real job-housing equilibrium, serious job-housing separation phenomenon occurs. In this context, based on job-housing perspective, taking a case study of new towns of large cities in Sunan, the study draws lessons from the international frontier theories and methods, researches on the characteristics of people elements and space elements in residential-employment space of new town by SPSS correlation analysis and GIS spatial relationship analysis model, and the residential-employment structural mismatch features and relationships of residential-employment space in the study areas were compared and analyzed. Then the study analyses formation mechanism and development law causing to job-housing separation, explores the control mode and optimization strategies of balanced development of residential-employment space in new town. The study is to explore the new perspective in the research of residential-employment space, to summarize the formation mechanism of job-housing separation of residential-employment space, to enrich the connotation of the space research theory of Chinese new town, to provide the theory basis for optimization, planning and management of residential-employment space of the big cities in the areas of Sunan, and to provide reference for the optimization of residential-employment space of other big Chinese cities.

在中国城市化迈向城市型社会的时代，国内大城市先后提出跨越式发展战略，新城建设迅猛发展。然而汲取西方经验，以职住总量平衡理念建成的新城并没有实现真正的职住均衡，存在严重职住分离现象。在此背景下，本研究基于居住-就业视角，选取苏南地区大城市新城区作为实证研究对象，借鉴国际前沿理论和方法，采用SPSS相关性分析和GIS空间关系分析模型，对新城居住、就业空间的人群要素和空间要素进行特征分析，比较分析不同产业类型新城区职住空间的结构失配特征及相互关系，进而对新城建设职住失调现象的形成机制和发展规律进行实证研究，对新城区职住空间协调发展的规划调控模式和优化策略进行探讨。研究旨在探索中国新城区职住空间研究的新视角，总结新城区居住、就业空间职住失调的形成机制，丰富新城区空间研究的理论内涵，为苏南地区大城市新城区职住空间的优化和合理规划、管理提供理论依据，并对中国其它大城市职住空间优化提供借鉴。

“新城区居住就业空间协调发展”是中国城市化迈向城市型社会时代城市健康发展的重要课题，其在演化规律和协调发展机制的系统发掘方面具有显著的样本意义与关键价值，而大城市新城区职住空间的优化和合理规划、管理也成为目前备受关注、亟待解决的现实问题，是推动大城市新城区以更为健康、协调的方式发展的重要领域之一。. 本研究基于居住-就业视角，选取苏南地区大城市新城区作为实证研究对象，以大量一手资料和GIS数字技术平台为依托，建构了一个基于产业类型、多层次的“新城居住、就业空间”量化实证研究的整体框架。其核心成果包括：针对苏南地区不同产业类型新城区的居住-就业空间特征的多层次比较分析，对南京与苏锡常都市圈新城区职住特征的比较研究的拓展，基于通勤因子及相关权重的职住分离度的量化测度，新城区居住-就业空间的结构失配度的测度，对不同产业类型新城区居住-就业空间的结构失配现象、内在动因及协调发展机制的系统剖析，新城区居住空间、就业空间协调发展的“结构匹配”控制引导模式的建立等。与此同时，还依托课题完成了相关数据资料库的建构，发表学术论文12篇，培养硕士研究生13名，完成5项关联实践课题。