基于光谱吸收与荧光机理的环境有机污染物检测及系统研究

With the acceleration of urbanization and the development of industry and agriculture, the environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Organic pollutants infiltrate into rivers, reservoirs and other water bodies in a variety of ways, and pose a great threat to ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine environmental organic pollutants accurately and in real-time. Based on the spectral absorption, photoluminescence mechanism and characteristics of optical fiber sensing, optical fiber environmental organic pollutants detection system with dual-light path combining optical fiber sensing and spectra processing is studied. Spectrum absorption and fluorescence spectrum detection technology are adopted in the experimental prototype simultaneously. System multiplexing is realized with the same optical path system and signal processing unit in the prototype. The project involves signal processing methods as lifting wavelet transformation, parallel factor analysis, and self-weighted alternating three-linear decomposition. The spectra data processing software platform is developed to carry out qualitative resolution and quantitative determination of mixed contaminants. The analytical ability to the complex mixture system is improved. The developed detection system has broad transportability, which can be used in the determination of oil mixture in water, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, DOM, chlorophyll and other organic pollutants. This research will play an important role in the development of environmental monitoring technology and instrument development in our country.

城镇化步伐的加快和工农业水平的发展，使环境污染愈来愈严重。有机污染物以多种方式渗入河流、水库等水体中，对生态环境和人类健康造成较大威胁。因此，准确实时地检测环境有机污染物具有重要意义。课题基于光谱吸收、光致发光机理与光纤传感特性，研究光纤传感和光谱处理相结合的光纤式双光路环境有机污染物检测系统。样机同时采用光谱吸收与荧光光谱分析技术，共用一光路系统及信号处理单元，以实现系统的多路复用。课题结合提升小波变换与平行因子分析、自加权交替三线性分解等信号处理方法，开发光谱数据处理软件平台，对混合污染物进行定性分辨与定量测定，提高对复杂混合物体系的解析能力。研制的检测系统具有广阔的可移植性，可应用于水中油类混合物、多环芳烃、DOM、叶绿素等多种有机环境污染物的检测，对我国环境监测技术的发展和仪器的研制具有重要推动作用。

环境有机污染物对环境安全，工农业生产以及人类的健康造成了巨大威胁，发展环境有机污染物快速检测技术具有重大意义。三维荧光光谱检测方法因具有灵敏度高、选择性好、响应快、检出限低等特点,近来在环境监测、水处理等领域的应用越来越受到关注和重视。课题基于三维荧光光谱分析技术，研究了常见环境有机物及其各种混合物的荧光光谱特性；结合自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)，GA-BP神经网络、双线性最小二乘／残差双线性方法(BLLS/RBL)，鸟群算法优化支持向量机(BSA-SVM)和化学计量学等方法，研制有机污染物的检测系统，解决污染物复杂成分的精确识别与浓度分辨，实现水中多种有机污染物质的定性识别和定量分析。研究的测量系统可应用于水中油类混合物、多环芳烃、叶绿素等多种有机环境污染物检测的需求，为我国环境监测技术的发展提供新的检测手段和技术支持。