基于三维荧光谱的水质痕量有机污染物测量与系统研究

With the social progress and the speeding up of industrialization, the water pollution is still severe. The water quality detection and analysis technique need to be improved. For the advantages including high sensitivity, good selectivity, quick and easy operation,etc.3-D fluorescence spectrum analysis technology have been increasingly widely used in environmental monitoring, water treatment and other fields. Rapid detection and analysis of water quality are of great significance to identification of pollutants, judgment of pollution source and the early warning. Based on fluorescence analysis technology, the project studies a small, fast, sensitive three-dimensional fluorescence spectra measurement system of various fluorescence substances with a wide range of excitation and emission wavelength scanning; Combined with chemometrics methods such as parallel factor analysis and multi-dimensional partial least squares, the project develop data processing and analysis software platform of three dimensional fluorescence spectrum that integrated fluorescence spectra measurement and data analysis, improve the ability to analyze complex multi-component system, achieve the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of multiple organic pollutants in water. The measurement systems and software platforms could meet the detection needs of various industries to water quality pollution such as petroleum in water, organic matter in water, phytoplankton pigments, pesticide residues, provide a new means of detection and technical support for department of public health and environmental protection, and has broad application prospect in the water quality organic matter monitoring of drinking water and sewage treatment process.

社会进步和工业化进程的加快，使得水质污染依然严重，水质检测和分析技术有待提高。荧光分析技术以其灵敏度高、选择性好、可在线检测等优点被日益广泛地应用于环境监测、水处理等领域。水质的快速检测和分析对于污染物质的识别、来源的判断和预警具有重要意义。课题基于三维荧光光谱分析技术，研究一种小型、快速、灵敏，具有较宽的激发和发射波长扫描范围，用于各种含有荧光组分物质的三维荧光光谱测量系统；结合平行因子分析等化学计量学方法，开发三维荧光光谱数据处理和分析的软件平台，使荧光光谱的测量与数据的分析处理一体化，提高对复杂多组分体系的解析能力，实现水中多种有机污染物质的定性识别和定量分析。研究的测量系统及软件平台有望满足各行业对水中石油类、水体有机质、浮游植物色素、农药残留等水质检测的需求，为其提供新的检测手段和技术支持，并在饮用水及污水处理过程的水质有机物监测中有广阔的应用前景。

项目针对复杂水环境中多种痕量有机污染物的同时、快速识别和定量展开研究工作，重点研究解决现有水质检测技术操作繁琐、精度不高、测量周期长和光谱分析局限性等问题。课题以石油类、有机农药类和酚类等物质为研究对象，对目标分析物的荧光光谱特征、光谱信号分析处理、定性和定量分析以及荧光分析系统的设计进行了深入研究，主要研究工作包括：研究了几种常见石油产品、农药以及酚类化合物的荧光光谱特征，分析了不同溶剂、温度以及PH值等因素对这些常见有机污染物荧光光谱的影响；以荧光分析技术为基础，开发了光纤传感与CCD光谱探测相结合的水质有机污染物荧光检测系统，可实现水质中痕量有机污染物的快速识别和测量；开发了分析软件平台，将检测仪获得的光谱信号与化学多维校正方法结合，实现了未知干扰物共存的复杂体系中光谱重叠严重的多种目标分析物的同时识别与测量，用“数学分离”代替了繁琐的“物理化学分离”；利用集合经验模态分解以及小波变换等手段对光谱信号进行去噪或压缩处理，进一步改善荧光分析系统测量结果。荧光分析仪对石油类等有机污染物的检测回收率为80%~120%，在可接受范围内，分辨率可达10-9。荧光分析系统的研制为我国水环境污染物的识别、来源的判断和预警具有重要意义。同时应用领域可拓展至食品、医药等领域，具有广阔及良好的应用前景。