青海农林牧式新型农村社区区划原理与规模测算方法研究

Facing the environment of rural settlement in shallow mountain area, the application is not only based on the area’s practical characteristics of ravines crossbar, ecological fragility, frigid climate, water shortage and scattered settlements, but also the development trends of grain for green project, population decline, agricultural modernization and the dominant functions of ecology, which adapts to the spatial adjustment and restructure of rural settlement that caused by the transformation of the compound industry of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in the context of ecological security strategy and analyses the scientific roots of the problems that presented in the construction of new-type rural community, such as blind disorder, repeated construction, short-term effect, waste, unbalance of space and invested funds, and finally sorts out that the regionalization of new-type rural community is the crucial scientific and technical problem in the rural planning system of in the new era. Utilizing the basic theories of the sciences of human settlements, urban and rural planning and agricultural ecology, we examine the human-land relationships in this region and analyze the structure of labor force and its spatial distribution characteristics, putting forward the regionalization principle and methods of the coordinated development of production, livelihood and ecology. According to the correspondence among the industry of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, the scale of labor force and the service radius of industry, we calculatw the population, the land and the scale of the industry of the new-type rural community and consider them as the elementary unit of the space by regionalization. By means of scientific regionalization, the study points to motivate the rural planning theory and the technical level, thus leading the area to realize the scientific transformation and sustainable development of the rural human settlements in the context of the national ecological security strategy.

本申请面向青海浅山区乡村聚落环境，基于该地区沟壑纵横、生态脆弱、高寒缺水、聚落分散的现实特点，以及退耕还林、人口衰减、农业现代、生态主导等发展态势，适应生态安全战略下农林牧复合型农业产业转型引起的乡村聚落空间结构调整与重构，剖析地区新型农村社区建设中呈现的盲目无序、重复建设、短效浪费、空费失衡等问题的科学性根源，梳理出新型农村社区区划是新时期乡村规划体系的关键科学技术问题。运用人居环境科学、城乡规划学及农业生态学等基础理论，透视地区“人—地”关系，分析农林牧复合发展模式下劳动力结构及其空间分布特征，提出新型农村社区“生产—生活—生态”协调发展的区划原理与方法。按照农林牧式产业—劳动力人口规模—产业服务半径三者对应关系测算新型农村社区人口、用地及产业规模，将其作为区划空间基本单元。通过科学区划，推动乡村规划理论与技术水平进步，引导本地区在国家生态安全战略下乡村人居环境的科学转型与可持续发展。

针对青海浅山区退耕还林还草生态战略下，农业转型为“生态农业+生态林业+生态牧业”复合型农业产业体系，现代农业生产方式下农业生产半径数倍扩大，现代公共交通条件下公共服务设施集约化配置发展趋势，浅山区“小而散”的乡村聚落逐步发展为新型农业体系下“生态、生产、生活”一体化的乡村聚落基本单元——新型农村社区。课题针对新型农村社区空间布局的关键影响因素——空间区划及人口规模测算，从概念、理论、方法、模式及技术路径等方面展开研究，形成了以下研究成果：（1）提出了青海浅山区“三生一体化”的新型农村社区集约化发展影响因素及空间布局模式，测算了现代农业生产力水平下的农耕半径和现代公共交通条件下的公共服务设施辐射范围，研究出了新型农村社区的空间区划方法。（2）分析了青海浅山区劳动力生产水平，研究了国家农业补偿政策力度及现代农民收入标准需求的变化，设计了青海浅山区新型农村社区人口规模定量化测算模型与测算方法。. 经过研究，本项目共发表论文4篇，培养完成硕士研究生论文2篇，完成写作待出版的专著《现代乡村规划原理》已列入住房与建设部“十三五”规划教材，完成了2项示范点规划设计成果。与此同时，超额完成了以下指标成果：1次国内会议报告，1篇硕士研究生论文，参编普通高等院校“十二五”规划教材《村镇规划与管理》，参编《2016—2017建筑学学科发展动态研究》，3项示范点规划设计成果，《青海瞿昙镇总体规划暨详细规划》获得了2015年度陕西省优秀城乡规划设计一等奖，同年获得全国优秀城乡规划设计二等奖，《都市乡村“共荣”发展模式实验—西安大石头村规划设计》获2017年度陕西省优秀城乡规划设计一等奖。. 通过本项目研究，总结了适宜于青海浅山区乡村人居环境建设与发展的理论基础，协调地区现代农业生产、生活与生态的统筹发展关系，运用多学科交叉耦合分析方法，提出了适应本地区新型农村社区的区划原理与人口规模测算方法，引导本地区乡村在国家生态安全战略下可持续发展。