太阳能热化学吸附碳泵循环基础问题研究

In order to reducing the penalty energy of existing carbon capture system, a carbon pump cycle (CPC) driven by solar thermal source was proposed based on the solid-gas adsorption and temperature swing desorption technologies. Utilizing a working pair of diamine-functionalized sorbent material and CO2, an adsorption process of CPC can be realized at the ambient temperature of 25oC for the carbon source of low concentration. Moreover, a regeneration process can be realized at a temperature range of 75-90oC to desorb a gas stream of high concentration CO2. A solar thermal source at a low or medium temperature provide heat to regeneration process for a consecutive adsorption/desorption cycle. Driven by solar thermal energy at a low or medium grade, chemical potential of captured CO2 can be increased via CPC and a conversion from solar thermal energy to embodied chemical energy can be completed..The proposed research starts with a theoretical study on a thermodynamic theory and framework construction of CPC and then solar thermochemical CPC system was studied through simulation and experimental works. The influences from various conditions of carbon source (500ppm-25%) and regeneration heat source (60-95oC) to the energy balance performance and 2nd law efficiency of thermodynamic of CPC are indicated. The dynamic characteristic of CPC is then studied, furthermore, capture capacity and energy efficiency of CPC system was investigated as well. The optimization of design parameters and cooperative control of active and passive measures are explored for a cascade integration of solar thermal energy into thermochemical CPC system.

针对碳捕集技术补偿能耗较高的问题，本研究以实现太阳能驱动碳泵循环为目标，构建基于固-气化学吸附反应和变温真空解吸技术的热力循环。该循环使用“胺基固态吸附剂-CO2”为吸附工质对，可在25oC常温条件下对低浓度碳源进行吸附，在75-90oC区间进行高浓度CO2解吸，维持循环的解吸热由太阳能中低温热源提供，不仅实现了CO2的低能耗富集，也实现了中低品位太阳能向化学势能的高效转化。.研究首先基于经典热力学，建立碳泵研究理论及框架，其后应用模拟和实验方法，围绕太阳能热化学吸附碳泵系统这一实例展开研究，考察不同碳源（500ppm-25%）、再生热源（60-95oC）条件下碳泵循环能质交换平衡特征和热力学完善度，探索时变条件下循环的动态特性，量化太阳能辐照强度等外部参数对碳泵系统在碳质迁移能力、效能方面的影响，确定主、被动措施的协同调控能力和优化配置，完成太阳能在热化学吸附碳泵系统内的梯级利用。

本项目针对碳捕集技术能耗较高的挑战，以实现太阳能热利用辅助碳捕集为目标，构建了基于固-气化学吸附反应和变温真空解吸技术的热力循环。面向太阳能热集成，通过对基于平衡（equilibrium）的吸附热力学关系、吸附过程、循环的热力学构建以及太阳能集成热力学性能评价的逐层递进研究，实现了针对典型碳源浓度（500ppm-25%）、典型热源（60-95oC）条件下的高效捕集，完成了热力循环稳态性能和太阳能热化学集成的特性分析，最终考察了太阳能低中品位热能在吸附碳捕集领域中集成的可能性和可行性，探索了碳捕集领域内典型能量形式之间的高效转化与利用规律，初步掌握了通过热力循环完成低能耗吸附碳捕集的方法。. 项目研究成果凝练为学术论文25篇（第一标注），其中SCI索引11篇（通讯作者），项目负责人邓帅受邀参加第十五届国际清洁能源大会，做分会场主题（keynote）报告，介绍创新技术路线。在本项目资助下，培养硕士研究生4人、博士研究生4人，其中博士研究生赵睿恺获得2017年度吴仲华奖学金。此外，太阳能辅助吸附碳捕集技术路线获得第17届国际可持续能源技术大会2018年创新奖。