村民关联度与农地利用的关系研究—以甘肃河西走廊为例

The plight of farmers' cooperation is one of the hot topics in the academic discussion in recent years and a great numbers of scholars have launched many research work on the problem from different perspectives. And they have made great achievements. But few scholars have systematically investigated the relationship between the farmers' cooperation, farmland's system evolution, use of farmland and the agricultural land rights protection. Therefore, this subject is supposed to put forward a new concept of "villagers correlation degree" and construct a measure on the level of the villagers correlation degree based on the research into "the plight of farmers' cooperation" with adopting the concept of "social relations"and some quantitative research methods ,such as the field investigation and the mathematical statistical analysis. The author will select the Hexi Corridor in Gansu province as the study area. Throught field investigation and the quantitative measure of the "villagers association degree", the author will then analyze the impact of mutual relation and influencing mechanism between "the villagers correlation degree" and farmland system evolution, farmland use methods, the efficiency of the agricultural production material, farmland changing and the land acquisition efficiency. And then the author will predict the development tendancy of "the villagers correlation degree" and use of farmland. Furthermore, the paper will explore the land system matching with the current level of villagers connection of this area. And from the villagers correlation degree, the paper will also do analysis on how to use farmland reasonably, how to improve the level of land intensive use , how to enhance the efficiency of production materials and how to better protect the land rights and interests. Finally, this paper will set forward a new sociological view for land science research.

农民合作困境是近年来学术界讨论的热点问题之一，诸多学者从不同角度展开研究,并取得了丰硕成果。但很少有学者系统研究农民合作与农地制度变迁、农地利用以及农地权益保护之间的相互关系。为此，本课题欲在"农民合作困境"研究的基础上，借鉴"社会关联度"这一概念，提出"村民关联度"的概念，建构村民关联度高低的测度方法。选取甘肃河西走廊四地市为研究区，通过实地调查，定量测度研究区不同村落的村民关联度，进而分析村民关联度与农地制度变迁、农地利用方式、农业生产资料利用效率、农地流转、征地效率间的相互影响及其机理；预测村民关联度与农地利用的发展趋势；探索与研究区当前村民关联水平相匹配的农地制度；从调控村民关联度角度，研究合理利用农地、提高农地集约利用水平、提高生产资料的利用效率以及保护农地权益的途径与政策设计，为土地科学研究提出一个社会学新视角。

农民原子化程度的加剧和国家权力控制农民行动格局的终结导致了现阶段乡村合作能力低的局面。这种较低合作能力在农村社会表现为村民关联（横向关联和纵向关联）程度低。项目在界定村民关联的概念内涵基础上，开发了定量测度村民关联度的量表并进行信度与效度检验；进而分步研究了村民关联度与农地利用、农田水利设施建设、农业机械化程度、农地流转及征地效率之间的影响关系与机理。研究开发的22个测度项的李克特五级量表，将村民关联划分情感关联、认知关联、经济关联和行动关联四个维度。四个维度基于AMOS的可靠性检验值分别为0.75、0.88、0.77和0.86，且均具有较强的统计显著性（P＜0.01）。通过二阶因子检验，各变量因子载荷系数在0.50－0.92之间，符合标准。村民关联对每一个子关联维度的影响路径系数均在0.5以上，且至少在0.05水平上达到显著。. 通过村民关联与农村土地制度变迁的关系研究，表明农村土地制度变迁与村民关联存在相互影响。自改革开放至取消农业税，主要是土地主体经营制度的变迁影响村民关联；而在取消农业税以后，村民关联度在一定程度上影响着农村土地制度的诱致变迁。村民关联度一方面受农村土地制度变迁的影响而越来越低，另一方面不同程度地影响着农村土地的利用与自身权益的保护。村民关联度对土地利用效率、土地流转、农田水利建设、农业机械利用等均具有正向影响，但影响程度不同。村民关联度与征地效率形成“冲突—契合”不同类型的关系。农民与政府博弈形成“牺牲”、“冲突”、“执行”和“契合”的四种结局。. 该研究一方面拓宽了农民合作问题的研究范围，进一步明晰了农民合作能力高低与农地利用之间的关系；同时，本课题研究对象可以概括为“人地关系”的研究，从一定程度上丰富了土地科学的研究内容。对村民关联的定性描述和定量测度以及与农地利用各方面关系的研究，在农业转型背景下，对引导农村土地制度变迁和相关政策设计，进一步促进农村土地流转、农村高标准农田建设和发展农村土地规模经济，并合理保障农民土地权益具有理论支撑和实践意义。