多孔石墨烯相变润滑剂改性高分子材料的设计和摩擦学自适应行为

For the urgent need of continuously working capacity of friction pairs under high-speed service condition in transportation field, typical polymer self-lubricating materials are taken as the research objects with steel as friction pairs. The project intending to control the behavior of contact interface from the point of material design, preparation of tribological adaptive polymer materials and study of friction and wear properties are performed. Through the introduction of porous graphene containing phase change lubricants into polymer matrices, a series of functional polymer self-lubricating composites are prepared. The variations of the friction coefficient, wear rates and the working temperature of these materials are studied in normal working condition, high-speed friction and microscopic contact conditions; adaptability of such materials in various working condition is discussed and the matching relationships between composite containing various porous graphene containing phase change lubricants and friction working conditions are analyzed. A design concept of tribological adaptive materials of controlling contact interface of friction pair is proposed; the theory model based on controlling friction and wear behaviors are build and microcosmic tribological mechanisms of the as-prapared materials are discussed. The results provide the technical support for the design of self-lubricating materials for sliding parts under high-speed condition.

针对交通运输领域摩擦副在高速服役工况条件下持续工作能力的迫切要求，本项目拟以典型高分子自润滑材料为研究对象，以钢为摩擦配副，拟从材料设计角度，就摩擦副材料的接触界面调控方面，开展摩擦学自适应高分子材料的设计与摩擦磨损行为研究。通过在高分子材料基体中引入多孔石墨烯相变润滑剂，得到一系列功能型高分子自润滑材料；考察此类材料在常规工况、高速摩擦、微观接触条件下的摩擦系数、磨损率、摩擦温度的变化关系以及对应的表面膜的演变规律，并探讨其在不同工况下摩擦学行为的自适应性，分析不同类型的多孔石墨烯相变润滑剂与摩擦工况条件的匹配关系问题；提出一种基于摩擦副的接触界面调控的摩擦学自适应材料的设计原理，建立对应的摩擦学行为调控理论模型，并探讨所得材料的微观摩擦学机理，为处于高速服役条件下高可靠性的自润滑材料的设计提供技术支撑。

本项目就苛刻工况条件特别是高速工况的摩擦学设计问题，通过构建多孔石墨烯复合润滑材料，充分利用其优良抗磨作用和孔隙特征，研究了所设计多孔材料与不同摩擦工况条件的匹配关系，并探索了相关的吸附行为模型和协同作用的初步理论机制；获得用于6-24m/s的高速摩擦工况条件的包含多孔石墨烯相变润滑剂的聚酰胺基自润滑材料，以及短期承受~36m/s的包含多孔石墨烯相变润滑剂的酚醛树脂基自润滑材料；进一步设计了包含骨架支撑结构的多孔石墨烯复合材料，初步探索了材料的摩擦学机理和力学性能。所设计的材料可通过相变润滑剂的相变潜热控制摩擦副工作温度、“发汗”润滑、自发形成高承载能力的织构结构等获得优良摩擦学性能，可为高速工况条件下使用的高分子润滑材料设计提供技术保证和理论支撑。