基于强化预处理+厌氧消化的抗生素菌渣资源化处理处置基础研究

Antibiotics bacteria residue is a kind of special hazardous waste, and its reasonable and safe treatment and disposal is a key issue for pharmaceutical companies. In this project, the common and different characteristics of antibiotics bacteria residues would be determined by analyzing and comparing their physical-chemical characteristics and contamination properties. Based on this, representative antibiotic bacteria residues would be chosen, and enhanced pretreatment of these antibiotic bacteria residues would be carried out for bacteria lysing, using some physical-chemical processes and thermophilic lysis bacteria. The mechanisms of bacteria lysing would be investigated during the coupling enhanced pretreatment processes. Then anaerobic digestion of lysis products would be studied systematically after pretreatment of antibiotics bacteria residues, including: (1) the inhibitory effect and its causes; (2) anaerobic digestion performance enhanced by zero-valent iron reduction or adding natural organic matter; (3) anaerobic digestion model of anaerobic digestion, dynamic model of microbial proliferation and biomass degradation, and optimal control model of operational parameters; (4) the changes in microbial community. Moreover, the regulatory strategies would be suggested to achieve the efficient performance of anaerobic digestion. After anaerobic digestion, the aerobic composting would be employed as a disposal for obtained biogas residues. The environmental safety would be evaluated during the whole treatment and disposal processing of antibiotics bacteria residue mentioned above. In addition, full life-cycle of antibiotic residues would be analyzed, to clarify the degradation pathway and environmental fate of antibiotic residues. The achievements of this project would provide the theoretical and technical support for the efficient, safe and resourceful treatment and disposal of antibiotic bacterial residues.

抗生素菌渣是一种特殊的危险废物，其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。本项目通过分析不同抗生素菌渣的基础理化性质和污染特征，明确抗生素菌渣的共性和差异性；在此基础上以典型抗生素菌渣为研究对象，开展菌渣物化方法与嗜热溶胞菌耦合强化预处理破胞试验，探究其作用机制；此后，开展菌渣破解液厌氧消化基础特性研究，包括：菌渣破解液对厌氧消化的抑制效应及成因、零价铁及天然有机质强化菌渣破解液厌氧消化效能等，构建菌渣破解液厌氧消化ADM模型、微生物增殖动力学模型、生物质降解动力学模型和工艺参数优化控制模型等，结合反应器内微生物群落变化分析与监控，提出厌氧消化系统高效运行调控策略；最后，结合厌氧消化后沼渣好氧堆肥试验，对菌渣处理处置全过程的环境安全性进行评价；同时开展抗生素残留全生命周期分析，明晰其降解途径及环境归趋；通过以上研究，为抗生素菌渣的高效、安全、资源化处理处置提供基础理论支持和技术参考。

抗生素菌渣是一种特殊的危险废物，其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。本项目以青霉素、头孢菌素C和土霉素菌渣为研究对象，开展了抗生素菌渣基础特性研究，建立了菌渣中青霉素和头孢菌素C残留的固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法（SPE-LC/MS/MS）的定量检测方法；基于物化联合破胞和生物溶胞方法，优选出抗生素菌渣溶胞技术，通过回收菌渣蛋白、降解残留抗生素，实现了菌渣的一次资源化、减量化和无害化，并对菌渣中的抗生素残留的降解机理进行解析；通过开展餐厨垃圾、微量元素、蒽醌等物质强化厌氧消化实验研究，研发出抗生素菌渣的“预处理破胞-强化厌氧消化”技术，回收清洁能源——沼气，剩余沼渣中抗生素残留低于《危险废物鉴别标准》（GB 5085.7-2007）要求，可用于生产有机肥，实现了菌渣的二次资源化、减量化和无害化。可为抗生素菌渣的高效、安全、资源化处理处置提供基础理论支持和技术参考。