膜下滴灌番茄蒸腾与温室湿热环境间交互影响机理研究

Greenhouse crop transpiration and indoor water-heat transport are typical and unique. It is found that there exists reciprocal influence between crop transpiration and indoor temperature-humidity environment within greenhouse microclimate, and it is difficult to calculate the crop transpiration and indoor temperature-humidity dynamic changes accurately under the complicated influence process. In this context, the applicant plans to carry out experimental study to reveal this reciprocal influence mechanism, and realize the real-time prediction of crop transpiration and indoor temperature-humidity, what is of great significance for greenhouse agricultural efficient water saving and greenhouse microclimate research..The project will use greenhouse tomato with drip irrigation under mulch as research object, and carry out the experiment research by combining experimental analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, the continuous greenhouse tomato transpiration field experiment will be carried out, and the change characteristics of greenhouse tomato transpiration and indoor temperature humidity under different treatment can be analyzed according to the measured data. On the basis of experimental analysis, then the indoor temperature-humidity coupling dynamic mathematical model will be built to reveal the water and heat migration inner mechanism and dynamic changes in greenhouse soil-crop-air continuous system. Finally, through integrating experiment analysis and numerical simulation, the reciprocal influence mechanism between greenhouse crop transpiration with drip irrigation under mulch and indoor temperature-humidity environment will be revealed, and the real-time prediction of greenhouse tomato transpiration and indoor temperature-humidity under the reciprocal influence will be realized. Research results would provide a theoretical basis for further study on indoor environmental regulation and efficient water saving of greenhouse crop with drip irrigation under mulch.

温室内的作物蒸腾及水热运移具有典型性和独特性，在温室小气候条件下作物蒸腾与室内湿热环境间的互馈作用和交互影响十分明显，但其影响过程复杂，难以对作物蒸腾及室内温湿度做出实时准确估算。通过开展试验研究，揭示温室作物蒸腾与室内湿热环境间的交互影响机理，对温室农业高效节水及温室小气候研究具有重要意义。.本项目以温室膜下滴灌番茄为研究对象，拟采用试验分析、数值模拟相结合的方法进行研究。通过开展连续的温室番茄蒸腾试验，利用实测数据分析不同处理下番茄蒸腾和室内温湿度的变化特征；在试验分析的基础上，建立室内湿热环境动态变化数学模型，通过数值模拟揭示温室土壤、作物、空气连续系统内水热运移的动态过程和内在机理；综合试验分析和数值模拟，揭示膜下滴灌番茄蒸腾与温室湿热环境间的交互影响机理，实现对温室膜下滴灌番茄蒸腾及室内温湿度的实时预测。研究成果可为温室膜下滴灌作物的高效节水和环境调控提供理论依据。

温室内的作物蒸腾及水热运移具有典型性和独特性，在温室小气候条件下作物蒸腾与室内湿热环境间的互馈作用和交互影响十分明显，但其影响过程复杂，难以对作物蒸腾及室内温湿度做出实时准确估算。为此，本项目以温室膜下滴灌番茄为主要研究对象，通过开展连续试验研究，采用试验分析、数值模拟相结合的方法，揭示了温室作物蒸腾与室内湿热环境间的交互影响机理。主要研究成果为：（1）分析了不同通风与灌水处理下室内风速、空气温湿度、土壤温湿度等主要湿热环境因子的变化特征，探明了通风和灌水措施对温室湿热环境演变的贡献；（2）明确了温室作物腾发量对室内环境因子的响应关系，揭示了温室内湿热环境变化与作物蒸腾间的交互影响机理，并利用多元回归对温室作物蒸腾与室内温湿度的耦合关系进行了模拟；（3）基于修正P-M公式和神经网络等现代数学算法，构建了利用常规气象因子预测温室滴灌作物腾发量的计算模型，通过模型评价，确定了适合温室滴灌作物腾发量的估算方法；（4）分析了温室不同通风与灌水处理下作物生理生态、产量及水分利用率的变化差异，初步揭示了番茄生理生态指标对温室湿热环境的响应机理。本研究可为实现我国温室栽培的精准灌溉和科学环境管理提供理论依据和技术支撑，这对于推动我国发展农业高效节水，促进我国农业可持续发展，保障国家水安全、粮食安全具有重要的理论和指导意义。