农药酶促扳机控制释放剂型的性能及其生物效应研究

In this study, kasugamycin, one of agricultural antibiotic which is broadly used in controlling many plant diseases, will be linked to pectin to form a kasuga-pectin conjugate by chemical coupling with variation of chemical bond. The novel controlled release formulation can be decomposed by pathogenic bacteria and release the active ingredient to control the pathogenic bacteria. The physicochemical property of new formulation will be charactered by various techniques. The release kinetics and biological efficacy against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora of controlled release formulation will be valued. The soft wares such as MathCAD, matlab will be applied to indentify the main factors of effect on the biological efficacy in the preparation of controlled release formulation. The physicochemical property and preparation process will be optimized by the data analysis and the relationship model between physicochemical property and biological efficacy of formulation will also be established. The expected achievement of this study will provide new methods and pathways for the development of high efficient pesticide formulations and is of great significance for agricultural sustainable development and agricultural and ecological environment security.

本项目针对农药大量使用造成农产品农药残留超标与农业生态环境日益恶化的现状，开展新型农药控释剂的研究。以生物源杀菌剂春雷霉素为模式药物与天然高分子材料果胶化学键合成控释剂，利用病原菌侵染植物过程中释放的果胶酶、蛋白酶等降解控释剂，原位释放农药分子而有效地控制病原菌的侵染危害；以大白菜软腐病菌为靶标菌来研究控释剂的酶促扳机生物效应，阐明春雷霉素-天然高分子材料结合的方式、结合率与结合物最佳生物效果的关系，并应用MathCAD等软件进行数据处理分析阐明控释剂的理化性质、环境因子与生物效应的关系，为开发与应用该类控释剂提供基础理论依据。本研究将为新型高效农药制剂的开发研究和科学使用提供新的思路和方法，为提高农药与环境的相容性提供解决问题的新途径，对农业高效生产及农产品与生态环境安全都具有重要意义。

本项目针对农药大量使用造成农产品农药残留超标与农业生态环境日益恶化的现状，开展新型农药控释剂的研究。已按计划分别以春雷霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咪鲜胺、二甲戊灵、戊唑醇等为模式药物，通过化学键合及封堵孔道方法，制备了多种农药酶促扳机控制释放剂型。利用环境中或昆虫体内存在的酶及植物病原菌侵染后植物生理生化的变化来降解化学键和封堵剂，原位释放农药分子而有效地控制病虫草的危害；分别以大白菜软腐病菌、红枣黑斑病菌、十字花科蔬菜黑腐病菌、番茄溃疡病菌、柑橘酸腐病菌、柑橘青霉病菌、柑橘绿霉病菌为模式菌，以反枝苋和稗草为模式杂草，以桃蚜为模式昆虫来研究控释剂的酶促扳机生物效应，阐明农药与载体材料结合的方式、负载率与载体最佳生物效果的关系，并应用MathCAD等软件进行数据处理分析阐明控释剂的理化性质、环境因子与生物效应的关系，为开发与应用该类控释剂提供基础理论依据。本研究将为新型高效农药制剂的开发研究和科学使用提供新的思路和方法，为提高农药与环境的相容性提供解决问题的新途径，对农业高效生产及农产品与生态环境安全都具有重要意义。