功能化农药离子液体的生物效应和环境效应研究

Pesticides are widely used to satisfy the increasing demand for food along with the growing world population. The wide use of these pesticides at large scale has resulted in serious pollution of the environment. Ionic liquids (ILs) with unique and fascinating properties seem to be an interesting proposal to reduce pesticide risk to environment. ILs have received a considerable upsurge of interest to improve the efficacy of conventional pesticides. In this study, new ILs based on emamectin and dicamba will be synthesized by using theophylline, choline, salicylic acid, lactic acid, et al. as the counter ions to reduce the risks to environment and improve the biological activity. The physicochemical properties will be optimized by selecting different counter ions with various functions and be charactered by various techniques. The solubility, soil adsorption, surface activity, leaching characteristic, biological activity, and environmental effect of ILs will also be valued. The soft wares such as MathCAD, matlab will be applied to indentify the main factors of effect on the biological efficacy in the preparation of ILs. The physicochemical property and preparation process will be optimized by the data analysis and the relationship model between physicochemical property and biological efficacy of ILs will also be established. The expected achievement of this study will provide new methods and pathways for the development of high efficient pesticide and is of great significance for agricultural sustainable development and agricultural and ecological environment security.

本项目针对目前农药利用率低所导致的农产品农药残留超标、有害生物抗药性风险加大、农业生态环境日益恶化的现状，开展功能化农药离子液体的应用基础研究。拟分别以甲氨基阿维菌素、麦草畏为阳、阴离子模式农药，以茶碱、胆碱、水杨酸、乳酸等功能离子基团为配对离子，制备具有不同配对离子的功能化农药离子液体，测定离子液体的理化特性并研究离子液体的生物效应和环境效应，探明农药离子液体的理化性质与生物效应、环境效应的关系，应用MathCAD、matlab等软件进行数据处理分析和建模，确定影响农药离子液体生物效应、环境效应的关键因子，明确获得最佳生物效应和环境效应功能化农药离子液体的主要理化特性和制备工艺，为功能化农药离子液体的研究与应用提供理论依据。预期成果将为新型高效农药的研究开发和科学使用提供新的思路和方法，为解决农药与环境的相容性问题提供新途径，对农业高效生产及农产品与生态环境安全具有重要的实践意义。

本项目针对农药应用过程中有效利用率低所导致的农产品农药残留超标，有害生物抗药性经常发生等现状，开展功能化农药离子液体的制备与应用基础研究。根据项目研究内容，选择麦草畏、2,4-D、毒莠定、溴苯腈、硝磺草酮、烟嘧磺隆、三氟羧草醚、氟菌唑、嘧霉胺、甲哌鎓等除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂作为模式药物，以多种不同结构的功能离子基团配对，通过使用酸碱中和与离子交换的方法，制备了多种功能化农药离子液体，并对其理化性质（熔点、溶解度、正辛醇-水分配系数、表面张力、热稳定性、光稳定性、挥发性等）、环境行为（如土壤吸附、淋溶、非靶标生物毒性等）、生物活性（温室与田间）进行详细的测定和评估。相关研究结果已经明确功能化农药离子液体的制备工艺参数，阐明了农药离子液体形式中配对离子结构、性质对于农药理化性质、生物活性、环境效应的影响，并以MathCAD、matlab等软件进行数据整合处理分析确定功能化农药离子液体的理化性质、环境因子与生物效应的关系，为开发与应用该类农药剂型提供基础理论依据。本研究创新性的将农药制备成离子液体形式，使其展现出更为优异的生物活性和更低的环境风险，将为新型高效农药制剂的开发研究和科学使用提供新的思路和方法，为提高农药与环境的相容性提供解决问题的新途径，对农业高效生产及农产品与生态环境安全都具有重要意义。