非均质性引起自润滑关节轴承用织物复合材料摩擦各向异性研究

Self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, used in the control systems of aviation aircrafts, are critical parts to ensure high maneuverability and reliability of aviation aircrafts. The domestic demand for such bearings is urgent. Self-lubricating fabric composites are the key materials which restrict the performance and life of such bearings. However, textile structures make the components’ anisotropic distribution of such materials uneven (heterogeneity), which results in the tribological behaviors of such materials affected by the relative motion orientations of the friction pairs, leading to many difficulties in such materials’ tribology design, performance evaluation and so on. Thus, the concept of friction anisotropy is introduced into the study of such materials. A academic conceive of studying the friction anisotropic behaviors of such materials based on the components’ anisotropic distribution characteristics is proposed. Aiming at PTFE/Kevlar fabric composites, a mathematical method which quantitatively describes the components’ anisotropic distribution of such materials will be established based on the textile structure theory. The components’ anisotropic distribution characteristics of such materials will be clarified. Based on the tribological experiments, the friction anisotropic behaviors of such materials will be studied. The intrinsic relationships between the friction anisotropic behaviors and the components’ anisotropic distribution characteristics of such materials will be revealed. The pros and cons evaluation indices of the components’ distribution will be proposed. A optimal design method of textile structures will be established. This project which will propose a novel idea and a new method for the tribological study and design of self-lubricating fabric composites, will provide basic theory and technical support for improving the performance and life of the key friction materials of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings.

航空飞行器操控系统中的自润滑关节轴承是保证航空器高机动可靠性的重要零部件，国内需求迫切。自润滑织物复合材料是制约这类轴承性能寿命的关键材料，但纺织结构使这类材料组元各向分布不均(非均质性)，导致其摩擦学行为受摩擦副相对运动取向的影响，给这类材料的摩擦学设计、性能评价等带来很大困难，为此，引入摩擦各向异性的概念，提出基于组元各向分布特性研究这类材料摩擦各向异性行为的学术构想。以PTFE/Kevlar织物复合材料为研究对象，基于纺织结构学理论建立定量表征这类材料组元各向分布的数学方法，明确这类材料组元各向分布特性；基于摩擦学试验研究这类材料摩擦各向异性行为，揭示摩擦各向异性行为与组元各向分布特性的内在关系，给出这类材料组元分布优劣评价指标，建立这类材料纺织结构优化设计方法。本项目提出自润滑织物复合材料摩擦学研究新思路和设计新方法，为提升自润滑关节轴承性能寿命提供关键摩擦材料基础理论和技术支撑。

织物自润滑复合材料应用于自润滑关节轴承、衬套等零部件，作为一类纺织结构复合材料，由于纺织结构的影响，导致其组元材料分布是不均匀的，进而引起摩擦各向异性的问题，特别是沿织物厚度方向的摩擦学行为对于其服役寿命具有重要意义。本项目基于纺织学、摩擦学、机械学等多学科，建立了4种纱线截面的织物组元材料分布数学模型，基于Matlab编制了相应的程序并实现了参数化仿真，研究了织物自润滑复合材料组元分布规律，分层磨损实验研究了织物自润滑复合材料的组元分布与摩擦学行为之间的关系，并研究了织物纺织结构、取向与真空等条件下的织物自润滑复合材料摩擦学行为与机理。本项目共发表论文6篇，其中SCI期刊5篇，获国防科学技术进步二等奖1项，申请发明专利1项(已公开)，申请实用新型专利4项，其中已授权2项，获批计算机软件著作权2项。