户式蓄能型空气源热泵毛细管辐射供暖系统特性与建筑供暖行为模式的适应性研究

Performance of air source heat pump (ASHP) was affected easily by the outdoor air and heating water’s temperature and operation strategy, and its characteristics’ coordination with the law of outdoor air temperature variation and building energy consumption could affect the conditioner’s coefficient of performance (COP) and building’s thermal environment significantly. Based on the characteristics of outdoor air temperature variation and residential energy consumption, a novel household ASHP based capillary tube radiant heating system with energy storage was presented, which combined the advantages of ASHP, capillary tube radiant heating and phase-change energy storage. By controllable experiment and mathematical simulation，performance and characteristics of the household ASHP with energy storage in the operating mode of heating, thermal energy storage and thermal energy discharge and the characteristics of the building energy consumption and indoor thermal environment variation under adaptive residential building heating behavior patterns based on needs with the distribution of energy in time and space decided by the occupant’s energy using habits and rule of work and rest would be mainly studied. By then，the collaborative mechanism between the characteristics of the novel system and the building energy consumption characteristics with adaptive heating behavior patterns would be built and the system’s running time of heating, thermal energy storage and thermal energy discharge and the distribution of the energy in space would be confirmed. Lastly, household ASHP based capillary tube radiant heating system’s operation control strategy and the balance temperature under the multiple actions of phase change energy storage, low water temperature heating and adaptive heating behavior patterns will be put forward based on pinch point theory. This project aims to promote the ASHP’s operating COP and comfort of residential building space by the coordination between characteristics of ASHP based capillary tube radiant heating system with energy storage and the energy consumption law of residential building with adaptive heating behavior patterns.

空气源热泵性能易受环境温度、供应热水温度及运行策略影响，其特性和室外温度变化及建筑用能规律的协同与机组运行能效、建筑热环境紧密相关。基于室外气温变化规律及居住建筑用能特点，将空气源热泵、相变蓄能与毛细管辐射供暖技术优势互补，提出户式相变蓄能型空气源热泵毛细管辐射供暖系统。采用理论结合实验的方法研究蓄/释/供热运行模式下蓄能型空气源热泵性能特性和基于人的作息规律与习惯对能量时间和空间需求而采用的多种毛细管辐射供暖行为模式时建筑空间能耗规律及热环境特性，构建系统特性与适应性供暖行为模式下建筑用能规律协同机制，明确系统各运行模式的时间分配及能量的空间分配，制定系统运行控制策略，运用夹点理论明确相变蓄能、低温水毛细管供暖及适应性供暖行为模式多重作用下系统平衡点温度。通过蓄能型空气源热泵毛细管辐射供暖系统特性与适应性供暖行为模式下建筑用能规律协同保证居住空间热舒适同时通过过程节能提高空气源热泵能效。

空气源热泵性能与特性易受环境与供应热水温度及运行策略与模式影响。基于室外气温变化规律及居住建筑用能特点，将空气源热泵、相变蓄能与毛细管辐射供暖技术优势互补，提出户式蓄能型空气源热泵毛细管辐射供暖系统。首先，以北京一典型三合院为研究对象，采用TRNSYS和Airpak 对不同供暖行为模式时的建筑室内热环境、热泵机组性能参数及系统能耗等开展了研究。结果表明，采用毛细管辐射供热时，开始供热2小时内室内温度达到热舒适性要求。间歇供暖时正房卧室温度保持16℃～20℃之间，卫生间与客厅在夜间停止供暖时温度分别能保持在 13℃和14℃以上；西厢房卧室白天停止供暖后室温可维持在14℃左右，夜间供暖后温度升到 16℃以上，卫生间与客厅夜间的室温可维持在 12℃以上。间歇供暖时室温满足要求的时间可达80%以上，节热8.83%。明确了热量在建筑空间分配及热泵启停与供回水温度变化规律，结果表明无蓄热箱连续供暖时的热泵平均COP为2.50，有蓄热箱连续供暖时的热泵平均 COP 为 2.49，有蓄热箱间歇供暖时的热泵平均 COP 为 2.60。提出并设计一种翅片管式相变蓄能型换热器，建立了其数学模型，搭建了蓄能型空气源热泵系统实验台并开展了其系统性能和特性研究。结果表明，所设计相变蓄能换热器具有良好的蓄释能特性。以石蜡作为蓄热材料的进行热泵冷凝热相变蓄能时，空气源热泵系统平均COP 达3.24。当日间室外温度为分别为 5℃和0℃时，其夜间室外气温低于-4.1℃和-8.24℃时系统表现出具有良好节能性；以水作为蓄热材料的进行热泵蒸发侧相变蓄能时，空气源热泵系统平均COP 达到 3.4，相当于传统空气源热泵在室外温度为-2.4 时的性能系数。本项目研究可以通过蓄能型空气源热泵毛细管辐射供暖系统特性与适应性供暖行为模式下建筑用能规律协同，在保证居住空间热舒适同时通过过程节能提高空气源热泵能效。