关中地区县城空间生长的历史文化基因传承研究

The space growth of Guanzhong counties has a long history, during which it has appeared a distinctive genetic feature valuing entirety, order and continuity, and formed the unique genetic context traces. Due to Guanzhong counties’ backward development since the founding of new China, most genetic traces have been ignored, thus fortunately retained. With Guanzhong counties entering a new era of rapid development currently, their master plans urgently need to take precautions and make the full use of the historical and cultural genetic resources. Associated with the context of modern urban plan, based on the further historical and specialized study, this topic is going to excavate, analyze and explain some genetic aspects of Guanzhong counties’ space growth including its vision, scope, element, structure etc., and then refine some parts which may enlighten and contribute to the modern plan. Combined with the present authorized system of urban master plan, it should better explore the appropriate concept and method both adapting to the dynamic and compact urban space and effectively inheriting the historical and cultural genes when it comes to space growth boundary as well as space control, space structure and space form layout, and then accomplish the planning practice and feedback accordingly, which could provide space guidance for historical and cultural Guanzhong counties in the period of rapid expansion.

陕西关中地区县城空间生长历史悠久，其过程表现出鲜明的重整体、重秩序、重延续的基因特征，并由此积累形成了极具特色的基因脉络痕迹。因建国以来关中县城发展的长期滞后，该基因痕迹多被忽视、闲置，而得以留存。当前，在关中县城即将进入快速发展的新时代背景下，县城的总体规划急需未雨绸缪，依托历史文化基因资源充分发挥后发优势。基于此，本课题结合现代城市规划的语境,拟在进一步历史研究与专项研究的基础上，通过对关中县城空间生长视野、范围、要素、结构等方面基因特征的发掘、分析、阐释，提炼其中具有现代规划启示及贡献的部分，并融合现行的城市总体规划编制体系，在空间增长边界及空间管制、空间结构与形态布局方面，探索既能适应县城空间动态、紧凑布局，又能实现对历史文化基因合理、有效传承的适宜性理念与方法，并完成规划实践与反馈，为快速发展期下具有历史底蕴和文化特色的现代关中县城空间建设提供引导。

陕西关中地区具有悠久的城市传统，积累了深厚的城市空间文化基因，这是地区数千年的城市规划建设实践中世代累积经验的结晶，在规划哲学、理论方法、设计要素等层面都极具特色，与现代规划体系具有重要的互补性，对构建当代特色地区城市规划理论体系、资鉴和指导当代城市规划建设具有重大意义。基于此，课题选取31座关中地区传统县城及相近地区的典型城市为案例，结合现代城市规划的语境，在历史研究与专项研究的基础上，发掘、分析与阐释关中县城空间生长的本土环境、关键要素、形态格局及营造智慧，系统揭示了具有地区范式意义的县城空间生长要旨，即根植于特有的山水人文环境，持续性地探索并建构上承中华文化义理、下通山川人文胜迹、与自然和谐且极富人文秩序的人居空间格局；研究同时揭示了自然、史迹、设施、网络四类本土关键要素，以及由四大要素组构而成的本土形态格局及其空间组织层次性、内外环境关联性、人文构架凸显性、新旧秩序承续性等典型营造特征；研究进而提炼要素、格局、经验中具有现代规划启示及贡献的部分，并从融合现行规划编制体系的角度，探索适宜的传承理念与方法，应用于规划设计实践与教学实践，为快速发展期下具有历史底蕴和文化特色的现代关中县城空间建设提供引导，为新时期城乡规划人才培养提供支持。