青少年情绪调节的发展及机制

Adolescence was depicted as a period full of "storm and stress" and characterized by fluctuations. Adolescents experience rapid hormonal changes, encounter social challenges, and strive for independence. The present project aims to explore the development of adolescents' emotion regulation and its mechanism. Figuring out how emotional regulatory processes develop during this essential and especial period will facilitate the theory of emotional development and provide empirical evidences for the intervention and prevention of emotional problems. With perspectives of developmental neuroscience and embodied theory, the present project will conduct a series of studies by using experimental design, time sampling design, ERP technique, fMRI technique, and bio-physiological recoding machine. Under the philosophy of Multi-Traits Multi-Methods (MTMM), convergent results will be acquired by making combinative analysis of the experience data, behavioral data, and the bio-physiological data. The present project contains four main studies. Study 1 investigates adolescents' emotion regulation by considering both valance as well as arousal aspects of emotional stimuli. Study 2 exams the influence of the emotion regulation goal towards adolescents' regulation effects. Study 3 further explores the mechanism of adolescent's emotion regulation development by setting different emotional environments. Study 4 makes still further progress to elucidate adolescent's emotion regulation by comparing individual difference of emotionality. To get profound understanding of the emotion regulation development of average adolescents, comparisons with adults and adolescents in abnormal development conditions will be conducted. Thus, the project explores the behavioral and neural mechanism of emotion regulation from its external factors (different emotional stimuli, environmental information about the regulation goal, external emotional environment) to the internal factors (individual differences of emotionality). Behavioral and neurobiological studies will be combined throughout the project. Analyzing the connectivity of the neural network of emotion regulation and the differences in neural activities among different regions of brain will provide further knowledge of adolescents' emotion regulation development and its mechanism.

青春期被认为是"暴风骤雨期"，急剧的身体发育、激素水平变化和社会化挑战带来情绪激荡。项目旨在揭示青少年情绪调节加工过程的发展及机制，对深化情绪发展理论和为青春期情绪问题提供干预依据具有重要意义。拟在发展认知神经科学背景下，综合具身情绪思潮的启示，通过多质多法（实验室设计、时间取样设计、ERP、fMRI、生理反馈仪等技术），以期收集青少年情绪调节的主观体验、行为特征、生理反应三层面的汇聚性结果。项目分为四部分：研究一从效价与唤醒度两个角度考察青少年对基础性和社会性情绪刺激的调节；研究二考察情绪调节目标对青少年调节发展的影响；研究三考察情绪环境对青少年调节效果的影响机制；研究四正反论证（对比成人、发展异常青少年）情绪性个体差异对青少年情绪调节的影响机制。从"外"（外在情绪刺激、外部环境信息、外在情绪环境）到"内"（内在情绪性个体差异）分析情绪调节过程中神经网络的连结，探讨情绪性脑区的活动差异。

青春期被认为是“暴风骤雨期”，急剧的身体发育、激素水平变化和社会化挑战带来情绪激荡。情绪调节的发展是青少年期社会化进程的一个重要体现。本项目旨在在发展认知神经科学背景下，通过多质多法（实验室设计、时间取样设计、ERP、fMRI、生理反馈仪等技术），收集青少年情绪调节的主观体验、行为特征、生理反应三层面的汇聚性结果，揭示青少年情绪调节加工过程的发展及机制，对深化情绪发展理论和为青春期情绪问题提供干预依据具有重要意义。. 课题组通过四方面研究领域的探索，主要得到了四项前沿性和创新性发现。第一，中国青少年情绪调节策略使用倾向表现出以减弱调节策略发展为主导的发展趋势，情绪调节能力表现出随年龄增长的V型发展趋势。第二，情绪调节目标会影响青少年情绪调节策略使用倾向，且在中国文化背景下表现出明显的非享乐主义调节模式。第三，青少年情绪调节的发展受到情绪环境的影响，依据环境灵活地进行情绪调节是具有适应性的调节模式。第四，特殊青少年与普通青少年在情绪调节各个方面（情绪注意偏向、情绪体验、策略使用以及调节能力）存在差异。. 例如，我们通过体验取样法和追踪研究法发现，在发展过程中青少年倾向于使用减弱调节策略调节自己的情绪。在正性情绪体验的事件当中，那些能够有意识地对其正性情绪进行减弱调节的青少年，能够在日常生活中体验到更为积极的情绪。从对负性情绪的调节来说，负性情绪的减弱调节习惯与青少年日常负性情绪体验的减少密切相关。这都充分反映了青少年情绪调节发展过程中受到非享乐动机的作用的影响以及减弱调节策略对个体情绪的适应价值。. 课题组采用多质多法，揭示了中国青少年情绪调节的发展规律以及非享乐主义调节动机以及个体差异性对情绪调节的影响机制，为科学指导青少年情绪体验与调节提供了科学的实证依据。研究成果在国际心理学大会、国际行为发展研究会双年会、华人心理学家大会、全国心理学大会等会议上报告后，都产生了很大的学术影响和社会影响。