巴丹吉林沙漠源区沙尘暴携带微生物的群落结构特征及传播机理研究

Desert dust storm is one of the most significant meteorological and environmental disasters of China.Except the direct loss of the society and economy, the pollutant contained by dust clouds, especially microorganisms, may cause adverse health effects for human. Badain Jaran desert is one of the primary four sources of global dust storm, and significant quantities of dust are generated in spring and can be dispersed widely in the northern China. The project intends to study the temporally and spacially dispersal character of microorganisms in the topsoil and air of Badain Jaran desert, to reveal the possible character that the microbial community structure and its dynamic variation of the source region; By studying airborne microorganisms of the dust storm downwind neighbor and medium-distance regions and by using the technique of radioisotope tracing, we may explain the structural character of microorganism community contained by dust clouds and the source region of the dust storm; By researching the tolerant principle of the typicle microorgnisms contained by the dust clouds, we may probe the possible regions affacted by this kind of airborne microorganisms. The above study may supply very important logical proofs for the international research about the implications of the microorganisms in clouds of desert dust for human health and ecological system.

沙尘暴是我国现今最重大的的气象和环境灾害之一。沙尘暴除了直接对社会经济造成损失之外，其携带的有害物质，尤其是疑似致病微生物对人类健康存在潜在的不利影响。巴丹吉林沙漠是世界沙尘暴的四大发源地之一，每年春季的沙尘暴都波及我国北方的大部分地区。本项目拟通过巴丹吉林沙漠的表层土和空气微生物时空分布特征的研究，揭示源区微生物的群落结构特征及其动态变化规律；通过对沙尘暴扩散的邻近地区和中远地区的空气微生物的研究和同位素示踪，阐明沙尘携带微生物的群落结构特征及其源区；通过研究沙尘携带典型微生物的传播机理，探讨其可能影响区域。研究结果可为评估沙尘暴所携带微生物对人类健康和生态环境造成的潜在影响提供理论依据。

本项目以巴丹吉林沙漠源区与沙尘暴携带微生物为研究对象，利用微生物高通量测序的方法，揭示了源区微生物的时空变化规律，探讨了沙尘暴携带微生物的群落结构特征及其对沉降地区的空气微生物的影响；通过源区表土层与沉降地区空气微生物群落结构对比，挖掘了随沙尘颗粒传播的优势菌群并探讨其传播机理；结合流行病学数据调查，分析了沙尘暴与人类呼吸道相关疾病的耦合关系。研究结果可为评估沙尘暴携带微生物对人类健康造成的潜在影响提供理论依据。