传统农区新型城镇化进程中聚落空间格局演变研究——以河南为例

With the rapid urbanization of China,spatial patterns of rural settlements are undergoing dramatic changes. The current strategy of Chinese new-style urbanization will further promote the healthy, sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the man-land relationship theory, and following a logic from locational advantages to economic activities,employment,dwelling and settlement, this project aims to examine the impact of man-land relation on spatial patterns of rural settlements. It mainly discusses the evolutionary characteristics of the size and rank of rural settlements and the changing configuration of spatial patterns, and to find out the deep mechanism of spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in the process of new-style urbanization.It brings forward the optimization principles of spatial patterns of rural settlements under the framework of new-style urbanization, which includes the consistency between employment and dwelling,nature and social economy,historical harmony of settlement systems,spatial harmony of settlement systems, and restructuring harmony of settlement systems. Based on the idea of man-land harmony, this project designs to construct spatial models of rural settlements from time, space and factors. In the case of Henan Province, it aims to estalish the optimizing modes of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in different types of regions. As a result, it should contribute to the theory of man-land relationship and the spatial patterns of rural settlements, and to provide the theoretical basis for new rural restructuring.

伴随着中国城镇化进程，乡村聚落空间格局正发生急剧变化。中国现行的新型城镇化举措会进一步促进城镇化健康、持续发展。项目以人地关系理论为指导，沿着区域条件与资源禀赋→经济活动→就业→居住→聚落这一思路，研究人地关系对乡村聚落空间格局影响，重点探讨在新型城镇化框架下传统农区乡村聚落等级规模演变特征及其空间格局变化形式，揭示新型城镇化中乡村聚落空间格局演变的深层机理。设想依据就业与居住和谐、自然与社会经济和谐、聚落体系空间和谐、历史演变和谐、调整和谐等人地和谐原则，并基于人地和谐思想，从时间、空间和要素三个角度构建乡村聚落空间格局的优化模型；在此基础上，以河南为例，探讨不同类型区域乡村聚落空间格局优化的模式选择，丰富人地关系影响乡村聚落空间格局的理论研究，为各地的新农村建设提供科学的理论依据。

在短期的快速城镇化驱动和长期的历史传承共同作用下，中国乡村聚落空间格局正发生急剧变化，其演变格局和机制在世界上均具有一定独特性。基于豫东平原区的商丘市、周口市，豫西山区的嵩县，经济相对发达的郑州市郊区、巩义市等不同类型区的调查，项目对新型城镇化背景下传统农区的聚落空间格局演变，进行了实证研究和理论分析。研究发现包括：（1）传统农区乡村聚落空间格局及演变具有如下特征：①平原区聚落平均规模较山区、丘陵区大，其空间分布较后者更密集，区域差异不如后者明显；②近40年来乡村聚落呈现出数量逐渐减少、规模不断增加的变化特征，尤其是聚落建成区面积增加更为明显；③乡村聚落位序-规模分布逐渐偏离传统村落型特征，趋向于城镇型分布特征，且不同经济发展水平下的聚落位序-规模分布存在着差异。（2）聚落区位变化是一定社会经济条件下农户的需求与所在环境综合供给的均衡结果。农户需求与聚落区位空间效用之间的差异是导致聚落区位变化的主要驱动力。住户的经济需求（就业）和社会需求（公共服务等）不仅解释了过去一段时间的聚落变化，还会继续导致未来聚落变化。（3）假若人口可以自由迁移，农地等生产要素可以按效益最大化原则组合利用，那么可以预测未来乡村发展会出现四种专业化类型：规模粮作村、专业化农业村、旅游专业村、居住型村落。（4）从“人地关系”理论出发，未来乡村发展应注重城乡聚落协调，逐步使大小不同、功能不同的各类聚落，形成统一和谐的整体。该研究既丰富了人地关系与乡村聚落空间格局的理论问题，也对相关地区乡村建设和聚落合理化发展提供了一些的科学依据。