人口稠密、土地资源紧缺地区的城市殡葬空间系统集约化研究——以江苏省为例

In the background of Chinese urbanization, especially in densely populated cities, the land use condition of burial space has been very hard & urgent, while the price of graves has been highly expensive. Taking the consideration of Chinese contemporary situation, this study seeks to integrate varied burial models such as cemetery, columbarium & eco-burials, into the whole system of burial space for citizen people. In the light of quantitative analysis method, a study on the intensification of the burial space system is to be pursued from different scopes of urban planning, architecture, landscape & interior, which is elaborated in such themes as living & dead, quantity & density, short term & long term, public & private. Firstly, an integration of natural & urban resource for burial space system is put into consideration. Then, the distribution & integration in the burial space system is to be carefully examined. At last, based on a comparative analysis of varied kinds of burial models, further suggestions is to be discussed for the transformation and integration of different models. All of these researches are to seek an intensive & ecological burial space system in long-term process.

应对人口稠密、土地资源紧缺地区城市殡葬问题所引发的“无地危机”、“死不起”等严重社会现实，从我国经济和社会发展实情出发，响应国家殡葬改革政策及导向，在国内外已有墓园规划及相关生态化研究的基础上，针对现有问题的不足和缺项，将研究范围拓展至城市殡葬空间系统，包括墓地、骨灰堂、生态葬及其他创新模式。该研究涵盖城市、建筑、景观、室内设施等各个层次和方面，力图发挥系统化的研究优势，从空间资源整合与配置的角度，化解行业禁区和专业隔阂，并应用社会学的统计分析方法，对容量与密度，生者与死者，长期与短期，存埋与祭奠，公共与私密等问题，进行定性和定量的分析比较。研究内容包括：城市殡葬空间系统与外部环境资源的整合；城市殡葬空间系统内部资源配置与整合；城市殡葬空间系统多元模式的比较、引导及整合等。最终达成城市殡葬空间集约化、多元化和生态永续的目标。

中国当下城市殡葬空间面临土地资源紧缺、模式单一、环境恶化等问题，尤其是在人口密集、率先城乡一体化发展地区。对此，响应国家殡葬改革政策导向，在国内外案例调研的基础上，打破目前殡葬空间模式单一、资源割裂的状况，选取多元化葬式进行比较、分析及整合。研究涵盖城市、建筑、景观、室内设施等各个层次和方面，化解行业禁区和专业隔阂，从空间资源整合与配置的角度，并应用社会学的统计分析方法，对生者与死者，公共与私密，容量与密度，长期与短期等问题，进行分析比较。. 基于多元葬式的特征比较及问题分析，在满足密度和容量需求前提下，提出“公共景观优先”及“空间复合”的策略，探讨包括传统墓碑葬及各类生态葬在内的多元葬式与公共景观复合的方法和途径，以此整合城市殡葬空间系统内部资源及内外部环境资源，并结合江苏地区多个实践项目进行深入的设计研究与分析，展现多元、生态、集约的新型城市墓园发展前景，引导绿色文明殡葬习俗，达成城市殡葬空间集约化、多元化和生态永续的目标。