基于cpDNA和nrDNA遗传多样性的黍栽培起源与传播研究

Broomcorn millet is one of the world's oldest domesticated crops. The characters of drought tolerance, sterile soil grown, short growth season, as well as good nutrition makes it the main component of dry farming in northern China, and broomcorn millet is also significant for the world's agriculture. The origin and spread of broomcorn millet has been a hot topic of the research on agricultural origin. There are two viewpoints: broomcorn millet originated from China only or it originated from China and from Europe independently. To explore this issue, genetic diversity of landraces, wild species, and ancient grains of this millet will be analyzed using the cpDNA non-coding segments, together with the nrDNA ETS. This idea is an advance from our completed research of genetic diversity of this millet by using nrDNA ITS. The geographical distribution pattern of this millet will also be analyzed for the research of origin and spread. This will be the first research on the genetic diversity of this millet using cpDNA and nrDNA ETS, and also the first research on the genetic diversity of the wild broomcorn millet. In addition, the ancient grains of this millet will be analyzed and compared with modern types. The obtained results are of great significance for the research on the origin and spread of broomcorn millet, the development of agriculture, the communication of East-West culture, the migration of population, the protection and introduction of this millet and other issues.

黍是世界上最早被驯化的作物之一，其耐旱、耐贫瘠、生育期短、营养价值高等特点使其成为中国北方旱作农业的主要组成部分，在世界农业起源中也占有重要的地位。关于黍的栽培起源与传播，一直是农业起源研究的热点，目前存在中国单一起源和中国、欧洲独立起源两个观点。为了探讨这一问题，本研究根据我们刚完成的基于nrDNA ITS遗传多样性的黍起源研究工作，提出选取同样适于种内关系分析的cpDNA非编码区和nrDNA ETS序列，对栽培黍、野生黍和古黍遗存进行遗传多样性分析，构建黍遗传多样性的地理分布格局，探讨黍的栽培起源与传播。本研究为首次对黍cpDNA非编码区和nrDNA ETS的遗传多样性分析，也是首次对野生黍资源的遗传多样性研究，并在现代黍研究的基础上挖掘古黍遗存中的遗传信息。所获得的结果对于黍栽培起源与传播、农业起源发展、东西方文化交流与人群迁徙、资源保护和引种驯化等研究具有重要的意义。

黍是世界上最古老的农作物之一，从其驯化至今一直是欧亚大陆半干旱地区人群的重要粮食作物，该作物的驯化与传播历史至今仍不清楚。本研究利用核糖体DNA (nrDNA)、叶绿体DNA (cpDNA)和简单序列重复(SSR)的遗传多样性分析，结合古DNA分析技术，探讨了黍在世界和中国范围的分布格局，进一步推断黍起源于中国北方，随后向西传播至东欧；根据距今约4000年的新疆古黍样本的分析，揭示了中国新疆地区是黍从东向西传播路线上的重要节点；此外还根据现代栽培黍与野生黍的遗传多样性对比分析，推测中国东北部地区和山西可能分别是黍不同遗传类型的驯化地。本研究所获得的结果对于黍栽培起源与传播、农业起源发展、东西方文化交流与人群迁徙、资源保护和引种驯化等研究具有重要的意义。