伞形科芹亚科真芹类植物果实结构及系统学研究

The subfamily Apioideae of Apiaceae is a large group (more than 400 genera and 3000 species). Molecular researches indicated Drude's Apioideae is not a natural group, which was further divided into the Protoapioides and Euapioides. However, only some genera and species of Apioideae were studied by the molecular research and many monophylys and branches established by it have no clear fruit morphology features. In the National Funding Program finished last year (The fruit structure and systematic of the subfamily Apioideae in Apiaceae), we mainly studied the fruit structure and systematics of the Protoapioides in the subfamily Apioideae using the transverse sections of the fruits, their three dimensional features and development morphology. The results showed that the fruit structures (including the symmetry of mericarps, the type and development of wing, the shape of epidermal cells in exocarp, the formation of the oil tube and vesicle and their development, and if they have septa and branches, lignification of the endocarp, the testa structure and development) can be used to erect a stable classification of the subfamily Apioideae that reflects underlying evolutionary relationships. The aim for us to apply for the project is to study fruit structure and systematics of Euapioides deeply, to provide the evidence for the groups established by the molecular researches, and also provide some new taxa which should be studied by the molecular systematics, to establish a nature, stable, and new Apioideae system together with the molecular studies.

Apiaceae（伞形科）Apioideae（芹亚科）是个大类群（400多属，300多种），分子系统学研究证明Drude建立的亚科不是自然的类群，并将其分为Protoapioides(原始芹类植物)和 Euapioides（真芹类植物）。但分子系统学研究的属种少，许多单系和分支没有形态依据。我们采用果实横切片、整体解剖和发育形态学的方法，深入研究了Protoapioides果实结构及系统学，揭示出果实特征（包括分果对称性、翅、表皮细胞、分泌结构、内果皮、种皮等）能够体现不同类群的亲缘关系，并用于建立稳定的Apioideae分类系统。在此项目中我们将继续研究Euapioides，进而完善对Apioideae亚科的研究；为分子系统学建立的单系及分支提供形态学依据，并为其提供了需要研究的新类群；最终建立一个以果实结构为依据，并与分子系统学相结合，完整的、自然的、稳定的Apioideae新系统。

分子系统学研究将真芹类植物（Euapioides）分成许多族及分支，但由于多数类群缺少形态学，特别是果实微形态学及解剖学依据，而难以被人们认识。此项目中我们采用果实横切片、整体解剖和发育形态学的方法，深入研究了真芹类（包括Heteromorpheae，中国当归属Angelica，柴胡属Bupleurum, 阿魏属Ferula及相关类群，独活属Heracleum，前胡属Peucedanum，及棱子芹属Pleurospermum）及其他一些相关类群的果实结构及系统学。揭示出果实特征（包括毛状体类型，分果对称性、翅的类型及宽度、表皮细胞形状及结构、分泌油管类型及位置、维管束位置及纤维， 中果皮及内果皮是否木化、种子大小及种皮细胞层数，心皮柄排列，结合面宽度，结晶结构等），如果认真研究，能够作为可靠地形态学特征用于区分不同类群，为分子系统学建立的单系及分支提供形态学依据，并为其提供了需要研究的新类群。今后我们还将继续现有的研究，为最终建立一个以果实结构为依据，并与分子系统学相结合的、完整自然的、稳定的伞形科新系统做出贡献。