高速列车车轮多边形化研究

Enter the 1990s, high-speed railway prospered in the world, since 1997, China's existing railway lines have experienced six large-scale speed improvment. The wheel- rail system is one of the key technologies for high-speed railway, the reasonable wheel- rail system has great significance for high-speed railway construction in China. Long-term operation of the wheel-rail high-speed train will produce a series of difficult problems. Many rare phenomena for conventional railway emerged in high- speed railway wheel-rail wear, such as high-speed railway wheel ovalization, polygonalization, which are difficult to explain. And their generation and development mechanism is very complicated, which has not been clear yet and become one of the difficulties on wheel-rail relationship researching all over the world.In this project, the problem of high-speed train wheel polygonalization is choosen as research object, the theory and model of vehicle/track system spatial coupling dynamics, the wheel-rail rolling contact theory, the wheel-rail friction and wear theory and the CONTACT numerical method will be combinated, the vehicle/track system short-time dynamic response and wheel long-term wear process will be correlated, the interaction between high-speed railway wheel polygonalization and the vehicle/track system dynamic performance will be numerical simulated, the mechanism of high-speed wheel polygonalization generation and development will be analyzed and discussed. Which results in filling blank of the challenging subject on high- speed wheel periodic non-round in our country, enriching the research contents of high speed train dynamic behavior under complex running condition.

进入90年代，世界高速铁路蓬勃发展，97年以来，我国既有线路经历6次大规模提速。而轮轨系统是高速铁路的关键技术之一，合理的轮轨系统对我国高速铁路建设具有重大意义。轮轨型高速列车，长期运行，产生一系列难以掌握的问题。高速铁路轮轨磨耗，出现许多常规铁路罕见的现象，如高速轮对的椭圆化、多边形化，都是难以解释的现象，其形成发展机理十分复杂，至今尚未清楚，成为全世界研究轮轨关系的难题之一。本项目以高速列车车轮多边形化问题为研究对象，将车辆/轨道系统空间耦合动力学理论与模型、轮轨滚动接触理论、轮轨材料摩擦磨耗理论和CONTACT数值方法相结合，将车辆/轨道系统瞬时动态响应和车轮长效磨耗过程联系起来，数值模拟高速车轮多边形化与车辆/轨道系统耦合动态性能的相互影响，对高速车轮多边形化形成发展机理进行分析与探讨。填补国内高速车轮周期性非圆化这一复杂课题的研究空白，丰富复杂环境状态下高速列车动态行为研究内容。

随着我国高速铁路快速发展，合理的轮轨系统对我国高铁建设意义重大。轮轨型高速列车长期运行，出现了特殊的车轮多边形化现象，其将引起车辆/轨道系统动力响应的变化，对行车稳定性、安全性及车辆/轨道系统各部件使用寿命影响很大。为提高铁路运输经济效益，探索车轮多边形化对车辆/轨道系统动力学性能影响及其形成发展规律，具有重要学术价值和工程意义。. 本项目针对高速列车车轮多边形化问题，将车辆/轨道系统空间耦合动力学模型、轮轨滚动接触理论、Archard材料磨损模型和CONTACT数值方法相结合，将车辆/轨道系统瞬时动态响应和车轮长效磨耗过程联系，实现数值模拟。. 提出了一个新的多边形车轮数学模型，创建了非圆车轮与钢轨接触的数值模型，能够更合理的模拟多边形车轮与钢轨接触的真实情形，较系统的分析了多种运行条件下高速车轮多边形化对车辆/轨道系统的动力学性能影响。结果显示，车辆系统的稳定性、安全性与车轮多边形阶数、不圆度、相位及行车速度密切相关；根据多种车辆/轨道系统动力学安全性评判标准，给出了相应运行条件下车辆安全性的车轮多边形不圆度限值，可评价多边形车轮服役状态，保证列车运动稳定和安全。建立了一个较合理的车轮磨损计算模型，能够较真实模拟车轮磨损过程，并将车辆/轨道系统瞬时动力学模型与车轮长效磨损模型耦合，实现了车轮磨损的数值模拟，同时对车轮多边形化形成发展机理做了探索。分析表明，车轮多边形发展与车辆/轨道系统的某些振动频率、车轮相位、轨道刚度等有关；参考车轮多边形不圆度安全限值，可预测车轮寿命，指导铁路现场及时进行车轮检测、更换和镟修，提高铁路运输能力。. 这是国内高速车轮周期性非圆化这一复杂课题的探索性研究，丰富了复杂环境状态下高速列车动态行为研究内容。为进一步完善车辆/轨道系统动力学性能和车轮多边形化形成的相互影响研究、机理性分析提供理论依据，对我国高速铁路车轮的运用和维护，具有较好的工程参考价值。