肺癌诊断与监护的电学层析新技术

As an advanced measurement technique of non-radiant, non-intrusive, rapid response and low cost, Electrical Tomography (ET) imaging technique has been developed rapidly during the past decades. But in case of lung cancer diagnosing and monitoring, the application of ET has to solve the following problems: 1) low spatial resolution, i.e., the exiting ET system cannot distinguish the patient’s pathological mechanism and structure. 2) ill-posed equation, i.e., the independent number of measurable data is much less than the number of pixels in the ET image; 3) dynamic measuring, i.e., the measuring electrodes and measuring cross-section has to be changed dynamically; 4) portable measurement and operation. This is a necessary way to develop the ET technique in practice.. In the study a group of new techniques are proposed and take the following advantages: .1) A lung cancer pathology database of electrical features is constructed, and thereby the electrical characteristics of different tissues and their pathologies are of interpretability, comprehensive, preferable. .2) The empty field in ET is reset for the measurement based on the above database, and thoroughly reformulated the problem that the existing technique cannot realize the functional imaging. .3) The ill-posed problem is efficiently reduced since the multiple exciting modality measurements increase the independent measurable data as quantity grade as the previous one. .4) The new design of software and hardware can solve the dynamic measurements based on the robustness and low cost. . These research results will develop a new generation of ET imaging technique of high-spatial resolution, and fill the gap of none method for the desired luncer diagnosing and medical monitoring.

电学层析成像是一个无损、实时和经济的先进检测技术,但用于肺癌诊断和监护必须解决以下关键问题: 1) 低空间分辨率, 即无法实现功能成像; 2) 欠定性, 即独立测量数目比重建图像的像素数少得多; 3) 动态测量, 即测量点和测量场动态变化；4) 无损测量和普及，这是该项技术推广应用的必由之路。.本研究提出一组新技术解决上述问题：.1) 建立一个肺癌病理电学特征数据库,使得不同肺部组织及其病变的电学特征具有可解释性、可理解性和可操作性;.2) 使用肺癌病理电学特征数据库重置空场信息实施测量，彻底改变目前同类技术无法实现功能成像的困难；.3) 实施多激励融合使得独立测量数据量至少提高一个数量级以克服欠定性问题；.4) 基于经济性和稳定性开发，使用新设计的软硬件系统解决动态测量问题； .本课题的成果将形成新一代医学功能成像系统，填补当前肺癌早期诊断和监护没有有效方法的空白。

本研究以建立一个基于电学层析的肺癌诊断和监护技术为目标，根据申请和计划书拟定的内容开展研究，完成以下任务并取得成果：.1) 基于手术切下的活性病变癌组织、CT影像以及人工电导肺部，建立一个肺癌病理电学特征数据库, 首次通过二维和三维形式量化地揭示了正常和癌变肺组织电导率分布规律，为电学层析技术用于临床提供重要的应用和实践基础;.2) 以电学特征数据库作为先验信息，电学层析技术能够把空间分辨率提高20%-60%，有效地克服了目前同类技术无法实现功能成像的困难；.3) 提出了实施多激励以及融合的关键设计和可实现性方法，使得独立测量数据量有了大幅度的提高，有效地了电学层析过程中的欠定性问题；解决了硬件系统设计的滤波和三维重构中的关键问题。.4) 首次揭示了细胞周期抑制剂在EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗和获得性耐药逆转中发挥的重要作用，建立了“周期抑制剂+靶向药物”联合治疗耐药新模式。