冲击地压亚失稳状态识别及防冲机理研究

Monitoring and prediction of rockburst is a difficult problem in the international mining industry, and it still has not been effectively solved. Field investigation, experimental research, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and comprehensive analysis method will be used to study recognition characteristics of meta-instability state and mechanism of prevention for different types rockburst, such as coal body compressed, roof fracture and fault movement type. Digital speckle correlation method and acoustic emission are the main experimental monitoring methods. Firstly, staring is the corresponding relationship among stress strain curve of rock specimen, stage characteristics of deformation field evolution, evolution rules and characteristics of rock acoustic emission. Through to rule of acoustic emission waveform distortion and wave velocity study, the project plan to make a acoustic emission location method for nonlinear deformation evolution of rock. Secondly, the project plan to carry out research on evolution rule of physical information, such as time, space, strong of rock at each stage of rock deformation. Again, the project plan to establish physical information retrieval model of rockburst hazard source evolution, and identification indicators of meta-instability state rockburst. Finally, the project plan to put forward the rockburst prevention measures against meta-instability state rockburs by building the mathematical model of meta-instability state rockburst evolution and the numerical solution of rockburst prevention measures.

冲击地压预测预报与治理作为国际采矿界的难题，仍然没有得到有效解决。项目以冲击地压孕育演化阶段性力学机制及物理信息演化规律为切入点，采用现场调研、实验研究、理论分析、数值模拟等分析方法，分析岩石试件变形局部化、宏观裂纹扩展和界面摩擦滑动变形破坏过程中力学行为变化，获得不同加载速率下岩石位移场、变形场及应力场演化规律及阶段性特征。分析岩石试件变形破坏演化过程中声发射时频域参量、温度场、电荷等物理信息变化，获得岩石变形破坏过程中物理信息特征，揭示岩石变形破坏力学机制与物理信息特征关系。分析冲击地压危险源变形演化阶段性力学行为和物理信息变化，建立物理信息反演的冲击地压危险源力学模型，提出冲击地压亚失稳状态识别及预测预报指标体系。建立地应力-采动应力作用下煤岩体失稳灾变演化-防冲措施的控制模型并求解，提出冲击地压亚失稳阶段的防控措施并优化，为煤矿冲击地压灾害预测预报及治理提供理论支撑和工程指导。

针对冲击地压发生的力学机制和冲击地压孕育过程的物理信息特征研究中存在的问题，以冲击地压发生的充要条件为依据，选取冲击地压亚失稳阶段作为冲击地压预测预报研究的关键阶段，开展冲击地压亚失稳状态识别及防冲机理研究，项目的研究对矿山岩石力学、采矿工程学科和冲击地压防控技术发展起到推动作用。.研究工作主要体现在以下几个方面：.（1）发展一种微震定位方法。引入声发射波形畸变参数，分析岩石试件变形演化过程中空间不同位置探头采集波形的畸变率。从声发射无效定位探头剔除和声发射波速调整两个方面入手，开展岩石非线性变形的微震定位方法研究。.（2）揭示岩石变形破坏阶段性力学机制及物理信息演化规律。通过实验，分析变形局部化、裂隙扩展和界面滑动演化过程中应力场、位移场、变形场演化规律及阶段性特征，发掘加载过程中物理信息演化规律及阶段特征，总结力学状态参量和物理信息特征量对应关系。.（3）提出冲击地压亚失稳状态识别和冲击地压预测预报指标。剖析采场围岩变形破断规律、矿压显现规律及冲击地压的孕育演化规律；研究冲击地压危险源孕育演化阶段性顶(底)板运动、煤层变形破坏、应力场时空演化和能量转化的力学机制；通过矩张量反演方法，研究冲击地压危险源变形破裂时空演化机制、破裂类型。.（4）提出冲击地压防控措施。通过现场监测物理信息反演的冲击地压危险源孕育演化阶段状态和冲击地压危险源力学状态参量，分析总结冲击地压亚失稳阶段的物理信息时、空、强演化规律及特征；采用岩石弹性-应变软化-脆性本构模型，构建地应力-采动应力作用下煤岩体失稳灾变演化-防冲措施的控制模型；研究防冲措施并进行优化。