能量异构的移动无线传感网生存时间优化方法研究

In order to solve the sensing coverage holes, overlapping areas and energy hole problem in the static wireless sensor networks whose nodes distribute randomly, the node energy heterogeneity leaded by functional difference is considered, and lifetime optimization method for energy heterogeneous mobile wireless sensor networks is studied from three aspects such as node localization, sensing coverage and data gathering. Namely mobile nodes with Beidou positioning modules are used. Two positioning algorithms such as satellite positioning and RSSI energy positioning are combined, and node hybrid positioning algorithm is proposed to optimize network lifetime; Multi-objective optimization model which maximizes sensing coverage, minimizes travel distance and maximizes network lifetime is established. Distributed heuristic algorithm is studied, and scheduling mechanism of sensor nodes to optimize network lifetime and sensing coverage is proposed; Optimization model which weighs network lifetime and data transmission delay is established. Decomposition algorithm is studied to convert the optimization model into four parallel sub-models, and data gathering algorithm which weighs network lifetime and data transmission delay is proposed. According to above theory, optimal schemes which improve network lifetime and reduce application cost of system are obtained. Finally, the optimal schemes are applied in the actual environmental monitoring systems. It improves the network lifetime of system, promotes the application of lifetime optimization theory and drives the development and improvement of the theory.

为解决节点随机部署的静态无线传感网出现的感知覆盖盲区、重叠区和能量空穴问题，且考虑因功能差异导致的节点能量异构性，从节点定位、感知覆盖和数据收集三个方面研究能量异构的移动无线传感网生存时间优化方法。即利用带有北斗定位模块的移动节点，结合卫星定位和RSSI能量定位两种定位算法，提出优化网络生存时间的节点混合定位算法；建立感知覆盖率最大化、移动距离和最小化和网络生存时间最大化的多目标优化模型，研究分布式启发算法，提出优化网络生存时间和感知覆盖的传感节点调度机制；建立权衡网络生存时间和数据传输时延的优化模型，研究能将该优化模型转化成4个并行子模型的分解算法，提出权衡网络生存时间和数据传输时延的数据收集算法。根据上述理论，获得一整套可提高网络生存时间和减少系统应用成本的优化方案。最终，将优化方案应用到环境监测的实际系统中，提高系统的网络生存时间，促进生存时间优化理论的应用，推动该理论的发展和完善。

为解决节点随机部署的静态无线传感网出现的感知覆盖盲区、重叠区和能量空穴问题，且考虑因功能差异导致的节点能量异构性，采用最优化和图论理论，从节点定位、感知覆盖和数据收集三个方面研究能量异构的移动无线传感网生存时间优化方法。在节点定位方面，针对快速实现监控区域内所有传感节点的定位问题，提出了具有移动定位信标的节点定位算法；为提高算法兼容性和降低节点定位误差和节点能耗，引入北斗与能量定位相结合的思想，提出了一种无线传感网中移动节点的混合定位算法。在感知覆盖方面，为提高异构无线传感网的区域覆盖率和网络生存时间，提出了异构无线传感网的传感节点调度算法；针对异构静态传感节点部署和失效引起的覆盖盲区问题，提出了一种优化网络生存时间的移动传感节点覆盖调度算法。在数据收集方面, 分别考虑2维和3维网络环境，提出了权衡网络生存时间和数据传输时延的数据收集算法。最终，课题组共发表学术论文14篇，其中SCI和EI双收录论文3篇，EI收录论文2篇，北大中文核心期刊论文8篇；申请发明专利13项，其中授权4项；授权实用新型专利6项，授权软件著作权13项；同时设计了无线传感网生存时间优化算法仿真软件和开发了基于移动无线传感网技术的受困人员自动搜寻原型系统。本项目不仅力求在能量异构的移动无线传感网生存时间优化理论上取得创新和突破，更积极探寻其研究成果在防灾抗灾和环境监测领域的应用，从而推动物联网产业的发展。