基于外电场操控的超冷极性分子偶极-偶极相互作用研究

Ultracold polar molecules have permanent electric dipole moment. The special dipole-dipole interaction enables them to have extensively .applications in many frontiers in physics, such as precision measurement, quantum information, novel quantum degenerate gas, many-body physics, ultracold chemistry and so on. We will investigate the dipole-dipole interaction of ultracold polar molecules with external electric field manipulation in this project,which is also an important frontier. The contents in this project are listed below. In order to enhance electric field manipulation on molecules and extend themanipulation time on the molecules, we will use resonance-enhanced magneto-association to produce and manipulate ultracold polar molecules, and get high density, long lifetime, and selectable rovibrational level ultarcold RbCs molecules in absolute ground state. Using electric field to manipulate the space orientation of ultracold polar .molecules, we will study the long range, spatially anisotropic dipole-dipoleinteraction potential of ultracold polar molecules under electric field, investigate the scattering characteristic and ultracold collision. By controlling the elctric intensity to change the molecular interaction scattering lengthand adjusting the ratio of elatic collision to inelastic collision, we will investigate the application of dipole-dipole interaction in molecular quantum degenerate gas. The accomplishment of these researches can help us to illustrate the interaction echanism of external electric field and ultracold polar molecules, provide theoretical foundation and technique for the realization of quantum calculation and molecular quantum degenerate gas by ultracold polar molecules.

超冷极性分子具有永久电偶极矩，其独特的长程偶极-偶极相互作用使其在精密测量、量子信息、新奇量子简并气体、多体物理和超冷化学等物理学前沿领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。本项目旨在对外电场操控的超冷极性分子的偶极-偶极相互作用这一前沿热点问题进行研究。研究内容包括：为了增强电场对分子的操控强度、延长对分子的操控时间，研究采用磁缔合共振增强技术制备和操控超冷极性分子，获得高密度长寿命振转能级可控的纯基态超冷铷铯分子；通过电场调控超冷极性分子空间取向，研究电场作用下超冷极性分子的长程各向异性的偶极-偶极相互作用势能，散射特性和超冷分子碰撞；通过控制电场强度改变分子作用的散射长度，调节弹性碰撞与非弹性碰撞散射比率，研究偶极-偶极相互作用在分子量子简并气体中的应用。上述研究内容的实现可以阐明外电场与超冷极性分子的相互作用机制，为利用超冷极性分子实现量子计算和分子量子简并气体提供理论基础和技术支持。

超冷极性分子具有永久电偶极矩，其独特的长程偶极-偶极相互作用使其在物理学前沿领域具有非常广阔的应用前景，包括精密测量、量子信息、新奇量子简并气体、多体物理和超冷化学等。本项目旨在建立基于超冷极性分子的基础研究和相关应用的实验平台，特别是揭示偶极-偶极相互作用对原子分子的相互碰撞和光谱特性的影响。. 本项目实施期间研究人员按照研究计划认真执行，顺利完成了如下研究目标：获得了详细的超冷极性分子激发态和基态的光谱数据，制备了纯基态振转能级最低的超冷RbCs分子，研究了光学偶极阱中超冷原子分子的碰撞动力学，测量了电场操控下超冷分子的偶极矩，理论和实验上研究了偶极-偶极相互作用对原子分子碰撞动力学的影响。. 通过项目实施，建立了一套运行稳定制备低温度高密度长寿命纯基态超冷RbCs分子的实验系统，获得了RbCs分子能级信息的完整光谱信息,制备了纯基态最低振转(v=0,J=0)量子态的超冷极性分子，明确了偶极-偶极相互作用对原子分子光谱展宽的作用，形成了可以持续开展基于超冷极性分子的基础研究和相关应用的实验平台，为实现超冷极性分子转动量子态的微波操控和量子模拟提供了理论基础和技术支持。