双阱中超冷极性分子的偶极-偶极相互作用及操控

Ultracold polar molecules have permanent electric dipole moment. The special dipole-dipole interaction enables them to have extensively applications in many frontiers in physics, such as precision measurement, quantum information, many-body physics and so on.The quantum state manipulation of ultracold polar molecules is an research focus and difficulty. Combining with the characteristic of lower chemical reaction rate of ulatracold RbCs in the collision process, and associate with the Feshbach resonance and broadband optical pumping, we will improve the preparation efficiency of ultracold RbCs molecules and get a high density molecules in absolute ground state（v=0，J=0）. On this basis, ultracold polar molecules will be efficiently loaded into the space-resolved dual optical dipole traps. With the effective manipulation of the dipole-dipole interaction by external electric field and light field, we will investigate the quantum manipulation for the ultracold polar RbCs ensemble. The reaserch on the physics mechanism of dipole-dipole interaction and related dynamic behavior with external field between the dual optical dipole trap is an important theoretical and technological breakthrough for the manipulation of ultracold polar molecules ensemble. In addition, we will research on the technical methods to extend the quantum state manipulation from double-component to multi-component, and we will explore the quantum information processing and parallel quantum computation based on the ultracold polar molecules as the network nodes.

超冷极性分子具有永久电偶极矩，其独特的长程偶极-偶极相互作用使其在精密测量、量子信息、多体物理等物理学前沿领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对超冷极性分子量子态操控这一国际研究热点和难点问题，利用超冷RbCs分子碰撞化学反应率低的特点，采用Feshbach共振和宽带光学泵浦相结合的实验方案制备纯基态超冷RbCs极性分子；将超冷RbCs极性分子高效装载到空间可分辨的双光学偶极阱中，研究外场作用下的超冷极性分子系综组份间的偶极-偶极相互作用，通过外加电场和光场对超冷RbCs极性分子量子态进行制备和有效操控。研究双阱中超冷RbCs极性分子系综基于偶极-偶极相互作用的量子态操控的物理机制和相关动力学行为，将是超冷分子量子态操控研究的重要的理论与技术突破。在此基础上，我们将研究从系综双组份扩展到系综多组份的量子态操控的技术手段，探索基于超冷极性分子作为网络格点的量子信息处理和并行量子计算。

超冷极性分子具有多自由度，多能级，永久电偶极矩，其独特的长程偶极-偶极相互作用使其在精密测量、量子信息、多体物理等物理学前沿领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对超冷极性分子量子态操控这一国际研究热点和难点问题，建立并完善了RbCs超冷分子实验系统和NaCs超冷分子系统，利用超冷RbCs分子碰撞化学反应率低的特点，采用Feshbach共振和光缔合级联跃迁的实验方案制备纯基态超冷RbCs极性分子。解决了超冷分子密集相干制备中最优能级选择的关键科学问题。实现了全光学制备原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，温度低至70nK，且通过采用磁悬浮光阱装载数目提高了5倍。获得了超冷极性分子的高分辨高灵敏光谱。将超冷RbCs极性分子高效装载到空间可分辨的双光学偶极阱中,阱内极性分子寿命>500ms。研究外场作用下的超冷极性分子系综组份间的偶极-偶极相互作用，通过外加电场和光场对超冷RbCs极性分子量子态进行制备和有效操控，研究了超冷RbCs极性分子系综基于偶极-偶极相互作用的量子态操控的物理机制和相关动力学行为。通过光场、电场、微波场多种手段对基态超冷 RbCs 分子进行了外场操控，实现了微波场对分子转动量子态精密测量，研究了混合场调控超冷极性分子转动能级叠加态制备，在耦合原子-分子系统中利用磁光量子干涉产生了非线性Fano共振，制备了相干叠加态。使用微波场实现了超冷RbCs分子转动态量子相干操控。项目严格按照计划执行，顺利完成各项研究任务。所获得的研究结果可以从双组份扩展到多组份，这也有助于探索基于超冷极性分子作为网络格点的量子信息处理和并行量子计算。