近岸海域生态系统健康对大规模围填海的响应及适应性对策

In the coastal areas in China, the economy is well developed, the population is dense but the land resources are limited. Thus, reclamation has become one of the important ways to resolve the contradiction between land use and exploit of production and living space. However, reclamation has caused serious changes in the natural quality l in the coastal areas and has posed a serious threat to the health of the ecosystem in the coastal waters. In this research project, we conducted systematic analyses on the maintenance mechanisms of influences of human activities on the ecosystem health in the coastal waters and the influencing factors. On this basis, by taking Laizhou Bay, a typical coastal area in Bohai Sea, as the example and applying the approaches of the combination of theoretical analysis, scenario simulation and comprehensive assessment, we investigated the characteristics of the responses of the ecosystem in the coastal waters to the large scale reclamation. Firstly, we analyzed the mechanism underlying the influences of reclamation on ecosystem in immediate offshore areas from the aspects of characteristics of habitat, physicochemical environment and the structure/service function of ecosystem. Secondly, on this basis, we constructed an assessment model for the accumulated influences of reclamation on the health status of the ecosystem in the coastal waters, assessed and compared the health status of marine ecosystems under the influences of different reclamation situations in Laizhou Bay. Finally, based on this study, we proposed the measures for adaptable management of the reclamation in the coastal waters. In this research project, we established the method for assessment of the marine ecosystem health status by incorporating the characteristics of the artificial interferences in the coatal waters. Thus, this study will build a bridge linking the assessment of marine ecosystem health and marine management and thus, provides the important basis for ecosystem-based management and sustainable development in the coastal zone in China.

我国沿海地区经济发达，人口密集，土地资源紧张。围填海成为解决用地矛盾、拓展生产和生活空间的重要方式之一。同时，围填海严重改变了海域的自然属性，对近岸海域生态系统健康造成严重威胁。本项目在系统剖析人类活动干扰下近岸海域生态系统健康维持机制和影响因素的基础上，以渤海典型海域莱州湾为例，采用理论分析、情景模拟和综合评价相结合的方法，揭示近岸海域生态系统对大规模围填海的响应特征。首先从生境特征、环境质量、生态系统结构和服务功能等方面分析围填海对近岸海域生态系统的影响机制；在此基础上构建围填海累积影响下近岸海域生态系统健康评估模型，评估和比较莱州湾不同围填海情景影响下的海洋生态系统健康状况，据此提出近岸海域围填海的适应性管理对策。本项目结合近岸海域人为干扰特征建立的海洋生态系统健康评价方法，将构建海洋生态健康评估与海洋管理之间的桥梁，为基于生态系统的海岸带管理和可持续发展规划提供参考依据。

我国沿海地区经济发达，人口密集，土地资源紧张。围填海成为解决用地矛盾、拓展生产和生活空间的重要方式之一。同时，围填海严重改变了海域的自然属性，对近岸海域生态系统健康造成严重威胁。本项目以莱州湾及邻近海域为重点研究区，剖析了围填海、污染等典型人类活动对近岸海域生态系统健康的影响，揭示了渤海近岸海域生态系统健康对近40年来围填海的响应关系。依据不同围填海方式对近岸水域生态系统在沉积环境、水动力条件、生物多样性、栖息地、污染和噪音等方面的影响，建立了围填海生态累积影响评估体系，根据源强影响强度和衰减距离来反映不同围填海类型对近岸不同区域生态系统影响的差异。构建了受围填海影响敏感的滨海湿地生态脆弱性评估指标体系和模型，揭示了海陆双重影响下典型滨海湿地生态脆弱性空间分布特征。估算了典型海岸带流域非点源污染物入海通量特征。在此基础上，构建了围填海累积影响下近岸海域生态系统健康评估模型，评估和比较渤海典型海域近40年来围填海对海洋生态系统健康状况的影响，提出近岸海域围填海的适应性调控对策。本项目聚焦海岸带地区典型人类活动及其产生的驱动机制、影响机制研究，研究成果对于推动构建海洋生态评估与海洋管理之间的桥梁，促进基于生态系统的海岸带管理具有重要参考价值。