典型昆虫复眼防水汽机理及仿生防雾表面制备

The efficient and long-lasting anti-fog technology is always a focus and technical difficulty in the field of waterproof and antifogging. Some biological compound eyes such as Ephemera pictiventris McLachlan can realize vapor distributed quickly and keep clear vision with excellent anti-fog, waterproof performance only by its microarrays orderly structure. The compound eyes of Ephemera pictiventris McLachlan and other some typical insects living in the aquatic environment were selected as the research object. Bionic antifogging technology was researched. The morphology, structure and composition of the compound eyes were investigated through the method of combining biological anatomy, theoretic modeling and experimental research. The multi factor coupling antifogging mechanism was analyzed. On this basis, the design principle and design method of new bionic antifogging function surface were presented. And bionic antifogging function surface were prepared. Contents of four parts: The antifogging performance evaluation and optimization about typical biological compound eyes surface. Characterization and analysis of compound microstructure parameters and the structure optimization and visualization of compound microstructure. The analysis on antifogging mechanism combined experimental data. Sample preparation and performance test of bionic antifogging function surface. Plans to solve two key scientific problems: the antifogging mechanism and multivariate synergy mechanism of the typical biological compound eyes.This study aimed to develop new waterproof, anti-fog material surface through the bionics way.

高效且持久的防雾技术一直是防雾、防水等领域研究的重点和技术难点，自然界中的某些生物复眼如腹色蜉复眼仅利用有序的微阵列结构便实现水汽的迅速集散，时刻保持清晰的视觉，具有优良的防雾、防水性能。本项目以腹色蜉等水生或近水环境中生物的主要视觉器官——复眼为对象，重点进行微结构防雾表面的仿生设计和制造研究，采用生物学解剖、理论建模与试验研究相结合的方法，深入研究复眼的形态、结构以及成分的防雾机理与多因素协同作用机制，在此基础上，提出新型仿生防雾表面的设计原则和设计方法，并试制仿生物复眼的仿生防雾表面。进行四部分内容研究：典型生物复眼表面防雾性能的评定和优选；复眼微观结构特征参数表征及结构优化与可视化；复眼防雾机理分析；基于典型生物复眼微观结构的仿生防雾样品制备与性能测试。拟解决关键科学问题：典型昆虫复眼表面防雾机理及多因素协同作用机制。该研究旨在应用于防雾、防水新型材料表面的研发。

从仿生学角度出发去解决工程领域防水、防雾、密封防漏等问题已经成为了一个重要的交叉学科研究领域。本项目研究了腹色蜉复眼表面的防水汽功能，主要利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及激光共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）表征了其表面结构，在建立仿生防雾模型的基础上，借助Cassie模型解释了其防水汽机理。利用激光干涉光刻技术（LIL）及胶体刻蚀技术（CL）制备了人工腹色蜉复眼表面并进一步研究了其表面防水功能，同时讨论了其防水功能的影响因素及作用规律。结果表明，（1）腹色蜉复眼表面具有良好的防水汽性能；（2）利用三光束激光干涉光刻技术在单晶硅表面可获得小眼特征尺寸为20μm的人工腹色蜉复眼表面，激光能量为40 mJ，曝光时间为15 s 为最优试验条件；（3）人工腹色蜉复眼表面接触角最大为123°，呈现较强的疏水性能，利用Cassie模型计算所得人工复眼表观接触角为119.2°，与试验结果吻合较好。腹色蜉复眼表面本征接触角越大，小眼上下半径比越小，防水功能越强；（4）利用胶体刻蚀技术制备的特征尺寸为350nm的类腹色蜉复眼结构优化表面，其静态接触角为160°±5°，滚动角约2°，呈超疏水状态，具有优良的防水、自洁功能。该研究可应用于新型防水、防雾材料表面的研发。.同时研究表明，芦苇叶表面也表现出超疏水性能，且具有各向异性及自清洁作用。沿垂直叶脉方向及平行叶脉方向其静态接触角分别为153°±2°以及148°±2°，滚动角分别为12°和7°，模板转移法制备的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)样品具有亚毫米级的脊状结构和微米级的乳头状结构，同时表现出明显的各向异性和较强的疏水性，并具有一定的自清洁作用。可为仿生防雾表面制备提供借鉴及参考。