寒冷地区室外辐射特性对人体热舒适影响的理论与实测研究

Comfortable outdoor environment, which could enhance motivation and initiative of outdoor activities, becomes increasingly significant for future urban development. Current research on outdoor thermal comfort is yet on the initial stage, especially the radiation part which exerts great influence on human thermal sensation. Both theoretical principle and experimental analysis are lack of combination with local environment characteristics. The object of this study focuses on human body in outdoor thermal environment, and researches on mechanism of thermal comfort for outdoor radiation, as well as thermal comfort evaluation in cold regions. Through theoretical analysis, field investigation and simulation test statistical analysis method，the model of anisotropic radiation heat transfer of multiple nodes in human body which meet the need of thermal comfort would be set up. This project reveals the regularity of typical radiation index influences on the local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation, in order to conclude a highly accurate and widely applicable dynamic radiation module of outdoor thermal comfort model. The module would quantitatively analyze meteorology application scope and evaluation results of annual outdoor thermal comfort in cold regions. This subject provides scientific basis to improve the standards for building design and outdoor thermal environment protection and provide guidance for site and landscape design.

营造舒适的室外局地热环境可以提高人们室外活动的积极性和健康性，是未来城市发展的必然要求。目前室外热舒适研究尚未成熟，对人体热感觉影响较大的热辐射部分尤为欠缺，缺乏能与场地环境设计相结合的基础理论和实验分析。本课题以室外热环境中的人体本身为研究对象，采用理论分析模拟、现场调研测试和统计分析的手段，建立满足热舒适研究需求的人体多节点各向异性辐射传热模型，进行室外辐射的热舒适性机理研究及寒冷地区的热舒适评价方法研究，揭示典型辐射指标对人体局部热感觉以及整体热感觉的影响规律，获得计算精度高且具有广泛适用性的室外热舒适模型动态辐射模块，量化分析动态辐射模块的气象适用范围及寒冷地区全年综合室外热舒适率，为完善我国建筑行业及室外热环境的相关标准、规范提供科学依据，为室外场地设计提供理论基础和技术支撑。

随着城市人口的增加与人们生活水平的提高，营造舒适健康的室外热环境，是未来城市发展的必然要求。目前室外热舒适领域内辐射部分的机理和应用研究尚未成熟。本课题以室外热环境中的人体本身为研究对象，采用理论分析模拟、现场调研测试和统计分析的手段，在探索室外空间辐射场中的辐射变化一般性规律的基础上，对比分析了六向法和黑球温度计法两种平均辐射温度实测方法，对室外热舒适模型进行了辐射换热的计算优化。结合我国气候特征，在寒冷地区进行太阳辐射对室外热舒适以及评价指标的影响研究，并在严寒地区进行室外热适应行为的变化规律的研究，还通过支持向量机分类器，建立了基于生理参数的室外热感觉分层预测模型。可为完善我国建筑行业及室外热环境的相关标准、规范提供科学依据，为室外场地设计提供理论基础和技术支撑。