宏组学研究枯竭油藏石油烃生物降解产甲烷途径

Oil hydrocarbon degradation in oil reservoir is one of the fundamental issues of concern in deep earth. In situ hydrocarbon biotransformation to methane, which helps oil exploitation in the form of natural gas, suggesting its huge application potential in enhancing utilization rate of oil and gas resource. For a long time, isolation and construction of clone library have been utilized as primary means to study oil samples, nevertheless，these methods failed in elucidating mechanism of in situ methanogenic oil hydrocarbon degradation. This problem is expected to be solved by omic analysis. This program aims at in situ methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation microorganisms and pathways in oil reservoir. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis, in combination of biomarker detection will be utilized to study the composition and transcription activity of microorganisms involving in methanogenic oil hydrocarbon degradation in deep oil reservoir, as well as the in situ methanogenic oil hydrocarbon degradation pathway. This knowledge will serve as basis of kinetic study of methanogenic oil hydrocarbon degradation and construction of regulation strategies in the future.

油藏环境石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷过程是深地科学关心的基础问题之一，已经受到国内外同行的高度关注。然而长期以来，人们一直采用富集培养和构建基因克隆文库的方法来研究油藏环境样品，这些手段无法提供油藏原位的石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷过程相关信息，使得在这方面的认识很有限。而宏组学分析手段的出现可以解决这个问题。本项目针对油藏原位石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷功能微生物和代谢途径，采用宏基因组和宏转录组相结合的分子生物学手段，配合生物标志物的检测，研究油藏原位参与石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷的功能微生物组成与转录活性，获得油藏原位烃降解产甲烷的途径信息，为进一步的烃降解产甲烷动力学研究和调控手段的构建奠定基础。

油藏环境石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷过程是深地科学关心的基础问题之一，已经受到国内外同行的高度关注。然而长期以来，人们一直采用富集培养和构建基因克隆文库的方法来研究油藏环境样品，这些手段无法提供油藏原位的石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷过程相关信息，使得在这方面的认识很有限。本研究结合宏基因组和宏转录组测序分析的技术手段，以油藏原位样品为研究对象，通过研究获得了油藏环境石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷的代谢途径与途径上的功能基因转录水平等基础资料，进一步揭示了原油原位环境石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷转化反应的生物地球化学规律，为残余油就地生物降解转化技术奠定理论基础，为低品位油气资源的有效开发利用提供指导。在项目执行期间，发表了SCI学术论文6篇，培养了硕士研究生2名。研究成果在油藏微生物生态学和油藏微生物地球化学方面达到了国际先进水平。