石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷的菌系结构与功能

Methanogenic biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons play an important role in the field of biogeochemistry. This proposal is motivated by previous work on hydrocarbon-dependent methanogenesis from which the key scientific issues were raised. The objective of this research is to set-up an anaerobic geo-bioreactor in which mixed microbial consortia will be cultivated to establish a highly active oil hydrocarbons converting consortia and understand what organisms are quantitatively significant in the conversion of crude oil to methane and what factors dictate their activity. The dynamic monitoring of the microbial community composition, function and metabolites formation (both gas and water phases) will be accomplished by using a combined molecular and modern instrumental analysis approaches aimed at obtaining fundamental quantitative information on the kinetics properties of key microorganisms responsible for methanogenic oil hydrocarbons biodegradation. This will allow us to have a comprehensive picture of major changes in the microbial community structure, biodegradation pathways and mechanisms involved, to explore and establish strategies and modes of regulation of functional microorganisms; information that will serve as theoretical basis and scientific application of methanogenic biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons.

石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷是当前国际上生物地球化学研究领域的前沿课题。本项目针对石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷的的调控机制，在前期工作的基础上，以原油为碳源，利用油藏石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷生物反应器，以分子生物学和现代仪器分析为主要技术手段，结合混合培养的方法，重点研究高温条件下石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷的微生物菌系结构与功能及其演变规律和物质转化机制，获得高效石油烃厌氧降解转化菌系。采用现代仪器分析的方法定期监测产气量、组成及主要或特征产物，结合分子生物学解析石油烃厌氧生物转化为甲烷的微生物菌系结构与功能及其物质转化机制，获得高温条件下石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷功能种群的生长动力学特征，探索并构建降解转化功能种群的调控策略和调控模式，为油藏中残余油或难以开采的油转化为甲烷奠定理论基础。

本项目针对石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷过程，设计并建造了油藏生物反应器，研究了长期连续培养过程中石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷体系的动力学；采用编码关键酶的功能基因分析了模拟体系相关功能种群及其多样性，利用组学分析了油藏环境中石油烃厌氧生物降解转化微生物的功能、活性信息以及物质转化途径；建立了石油烃厌氧生物降解途径中延胡索酸加成的特征代谢产物合成方法并获得了相关物质的质谱特征；分析并检测了样品中石油烃厌氧生物降解的特征代谢产物以及相应的下游产物；以含硫以及含铁化合物、烷烃以及中间代谢产物等为调控物质，研究了转化功能种群的调控模式。本研究加深了对石油烃厌氧降解微生物生态、产甲烷微生物群落结构及其演替、烃生物厌氧降解产甲烷途径以及调控等方面的认识，采用组学方法首次揭示了功能种群之间的相互作用，明确了延胡索酸加成是油藏环境中石油烃厌氧生物降解转化的主要途径。本研究获得了石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷的基础科学数据，深化了对石油烃厌氧生物降解转化为甲烷系统的认识，为残余油气化开采的理论研究及应用提供参考。研究成果已发表SCI论文9篇。正在整理论文5篇。