一维氮掺杂微孔碳-氧化锰同轴异质纳米结构的制备与储能应用

Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices based on the adsorption-desorption process of oppositely charged ions through carbon electric double layer or metal oxide pseudocapacitance materials and counter electrode materials. Carbon materials for electric double layer capacitors have low capacitance, high electric conductivity, and good structure stability whereas inorganic metal oxide semiconductors exhibit relatively high pseudocapacitance but low electric conductivity, low energy density, and low cyclic stability. In this proposed project, we are planning to develop new composite materials based on nitrogen-doped microporous carbon materials and one dimensional carbon-manganese oxide coaxial hybrid materials. The developed materials are expected to have good electric conductivity, great structural stability, and high capacitance as well. In addition, the effect of doped nitrogen on the energy gap and electrical behavior of carbon material and the coupling effect of carbon electric double layer-manganese oxide pseudocapacitance will be systematically studied. The results and conclusions from this project will provide theoretical and technical support for the development of supercapacitor materials.

超级电容器主要通过碳双电层材料或无机氧化物半导体赝电容材料，与相对电极进行相反电荷离子的可逆吸/脱附储存和释放能量。碳双电层材料电容较小，导电性能高、结构稳定性好；无机氧化物半导体赝电容材料电容较高，但导电性能较差、能量密度和循环性能低。本项目拟通过对碳-氧化锰同轴异质一维纳米材料制备技术、掺氮碳微孔结构制备技术的探索，开发出兼具碳材料高导电性和结构稳定性、以及无机金属氧化物高电容优势的新型复合电容材料；并系统研究氮掺杂对碳能量带隙和电子给受能力基本行为的影响规律，以及碳双电层-氧化锰赝电容耦合效应的基本规律，为电容材料的开发提供理论依据和技术支持。

氮掺杂微孔碳-氧化锰异质纳米结构兼具了碳材料的高导电性、结构稳定性，和无机金属氧化物的高电容优势，具有广阔的应用前景。本项目以电化学合成技术为主要制备手段，系统研究了反应物、溶剂、催化剂、反应温度和时间等条件对合成产物结构的影响，探索了材料可控合成的基本规律，通过XRD、Raman、FT-IR、XPS、SEM 、TEM 、HRTEM等一系列材料表征方法结合性能测试手段分析了微孔结构、掺杂位置与含量、纳米管孔结构等参数和合成产物的电化学性能之间的对应关系，找到了能级结构对电容性能影响的部分规律，并进行了相应的理论计算和模拟。本项目所取得的研究成果可应用于开发新型能量存储元件、超级电容器、燃料电池和金属-空气电池、肖特基太阳能电池、白光LED的增强、LED白光灯光谱质量检测、纳米材料合成的新方法、防结露透明显示器、超透镜等方面。