中国爬鳅科鱼类的分类与演化研究

The hillstream loaches (Balitoridae, Cypriniformes, Teleostei) are benthic fishes inhabiting swift, clear and well-oxygenated streams and rivers, some of which use the whole body as a sucker-adhesive apparatus. The species of family Balitoridae are widely distributed in oriental realm, containing 228 species in 32 genera, with 90 species in 16 genera distributed in China. Balitoridae seem to be an ideal system for testing the hypotheses of the morphologies of the paleodrainage basins and character evolution of benthic fishes. However, the classification of Balitoridae remains unclear. Previous studies on the taxonomy of Balitoridae relied mainly on morphological characters. Molecular studies on Balitoridae have utilized only a few genera. The validity and monophyly of many genera are ambiguous; the relationships among the genera of Balitoridae are not clear. The objective of this study is to clarify the relationships within Balitoridae and reconstruct classification system of Balitoridae based on the multiple results of molecular phylogeny, geometric morphometric, and metrical morphometrics with the insights of Integrative Taxonomy. Furthermore, we attempt to analyze the potential relationship between the evolutionary history of Balitoridae and the change of relevant paleo-drainages. To understand the way and rule of character evolution of Balitoridae, the ancient morphologic characters will be traced.

爬鳅科 Balitoridae隶属于鲤形目 Cypriniformes，是一类小型底栖性鱼类，多数种类栖息于清澈、富氧、急流环境。体型多为平扁型，部分类群特化出吸盘状结构。爬鳅科分布区覆盖东洋界，共包含32属228种，其中分布于中国的有16属90种。爬鳅科鱼类是研究区域古水系演化假说和底栖鱼类形态演化的理想模型，然而，该科最基本的分类问题仍然存在争议。前人关于爬鳅科的分类研究主要基于形态性状的比较，少数分子系统发育研究涉及的属的数目十分有限，各属的单系性和有效性都尚未得到验证、属间关系稳定性差、部分属的划分一直存在较大分歧。本项目拟依据整合分类学思路，通过综合分子、几何形态学、形态度量学和传统形态学等几种不同层次的数据分析结果，澄清中国爬鳅科系统发育关系并建立新的分类系统。通过分化时间估算和祖先区域推断，探讨爬鳅科鱼类的演化历史与区域古水系演化的关系。对爬鳅科鱼类形态特征演化进行探讨。