基于多源遥感数据的快速冲淤海岸潮汐水道多尺度演变研究

Tidal channels, as the essential carrier of the exchange of material and energy between land and sea, play an increasingly important role in the intertidal zone. The stability of tidal channels has become the significant reference of the coastal environment and topography. The tidal flat of central Jiangsu Province erodes and deposits frequently, and the tidal channels have the changeable shapes and complex “growth” cycles. Therefore, the project intends to obtain remote sensing data of land resources satellites, high-resolution satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles in the intertidal zone. Four time scales such as interannual, seasonal, monthly and tidal cycle of macro-channels and micro-channels will be respectively analyzed. By means of the collaborative analysis of multi-source remote sensing data, CNN based water body extraction and multi-temporal remote sensing change detection will be carried out to explore the spatial heterogeneity and morphological characteristics of tidal channels at different time scales and to reveal the formation mechanism and development trend of tidal channels. The project intends to develop multi-temporal and spatial scale feature extraction and analysis techniques for tidal channels to break through the monitoring methods of erosion and deposition evolution during the tidal cycle of ridge channels so as to figure the growing process and the demise of tidal channels and to accurately and efficiently simulate the evolution trend of the rapid erosion and deposition coasts. The results will enrich the theories and methods of tidal channels geomorphology analysis, obtain innovative achievements in the field of remote sensing monitoring of tidal channels, and also provide scientific basis for coastal zone resource development and ecological environment protection.

潮汐水道作为海陆物质和能量交换的重要载体，其稳定性已经成为评判海岸带环境和地貌的重要指标，江苏中部快速冲淤海岸地貌变化迅速，潮汐水道具有形态多变、“生长”周期复杂等特征。基于此，项目拟利用陆地资源卫星、高分卫星和无人机等，获取宏观、微观尺度的潮汐水道遥感资料，分别进行年际、季节、月和潮周期四种时间尺度演变分析。通过对多源遥感数据协同分析，进行基于深度学习的水体提取和多时相遥感变化检测，探索不同时空尺度下潮汐水道的空间分异和形态特征，揭示潮汐水道地貌系统形成的机理与发育态势。项目拟研发潮汐水道多时空尺度特征提取与分析技术，突破脊上水道潮周期内冲淤演变监测方法，从而全方位获取潮汐水道生长过程与消亡信息，准确高效地模拟快速冲淤海岸的地貌演变趋势。研究成果将丰富潮汐水道地貌分析的理论与方法，在潮汐水道遥感监测领域获得创新性成果，为海岸带资源开发、生态环境保护等提供科学依据。

潮汐水道作为海陆物质和能量交换的重要载体，其稳定性已经成为评判海岸带环境和地貌 的重要指标，江苏中部快速冲淤海岸地貌变化迅速，潮汐水道具有形态多变、“生长”周期复杂等特征。基于此，项目拟利用遥感影像和无人机数据等，获取不同尺度的潮汐水道遥感资料，进行不同时间尺度的演变分析。项目研发了适用于快速冲淤海岸潮汐水道的微小型无人机遥测技术，并进行了微观潮汐水道的短周期演变分析，总体来说无人机技术不仅可以协助检测潮滩潭面的分布特点以及变化趋势，还可以观测到卫星难以捕捉的中小型潮沟短时间内变化过程，为监测快速冲淤海岸潮汐水道的短周期地貌过程提供了有力的技术支持。项目研究了基于遥感数据云台GEE（Google Earth Engine）的快速冲淤海岸的长周期变化监测方案，并进行了整个潮汐水道地区的地貌空间分异格局和演变趋势，揭示了人类活动在潮汐水道演变过程中的重要影响作用。遥感云平台具有强大的数据存储和处理能力，集成了海量共享的遥感影像和地理数据，是进行长时间序列研究的重要工具。本研究丰富潮汐水道地貌分析的理论与方法，在潮汐水道遥感监测领域获得创新性成果，为海岸带资源开发、生态环境保护等提供了科学依据。