滨海湿地互花米草入侵的生态水文学机制

Relationship between hydrology and vegetation in wetland is a hotspot in the research of wetland ecohydrology. Ecohydrological drivers of the spatial distribution of wetland vegetation communities is the foundation for the assessment of impacts of global change and human activities on wetland ecosystem. Coast wetland has important ecological service and economic value, while the invasion by Spartina alterniflora has caused a lot of adverse impacts to coast wetland ecosystem. Therefore, it is urgent to research the inherent ecohydrological mechanism of invasion. This research, with Spartina alterniflora in the costal wetland in the east of Jiangsu Province as study objects, attempts to illuminate the spatiotemporal dynamics of invasion by Spartina alterniflora, and quantify the coupling relationship between the ecological characteristics of Spartina alterniflora communities and the hydrological regime and other environmental factors, and determine the key hydrological and environmental factors controlling the distribution of Spartina alterniflora, then explore the response of the ecological and biological characteristics of Spartina alterniflora under these controlling factors, and finally predict the potential distribution of Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands. This research will be instructive in the research on the relationship between hydrology and vegetation in wetland ecosystem, and helpful for the further understanding of formation and evolution processes of wetland ecosystem, and the relationship between the structure and function of wetland ecosystem, which will enrich the theory and methods in the research on wetland ecohydrology. Additionally, this research will also provide scientific suggestion for the ecological control of invasion by Spartina alterniflora and the protection and management of wetland ecosystem as well.

湿地植群落分布格局的生态水文驱动机制研究，是科学评估全球变化和人类活动对湿地生态系统影响的基础和关键。滨海湿地具有重要的生态服务功能和经济价值，互花米草入侵已经对滨海湿地生态系统产生巨大影响，急需从机理方面揭示其入侵的内在生态水文驱动机制。本研究以江苏省滨海湿地互花米草为研究对象，基于野外定位观测实验和室内分析模拟，揭示互花米草植物群落入侵的时空格局动态，量化互花米草植物群落生理生态特征与水文、土壤环境因子的耦合关系，确定互花米草植被群落分布的关键决定因子，探讨水文和土壤环境因子胁迫下互花米草植被群落的生理生态响应、分布格局和演变趋势，进而预测互花米草的格局动态。研究成果有助于深入理解滨海湿地生态系统的植被演替过程以及滨海湿地结构和功能的关系，为完善滨海湿地生态水文学研究内容和方法提供理论依据；同时本研究也可为滨海湿地互花米草的生态防治以及滨海湿地生态系统的科学保护和优化管理提供科学依据。

本项目以大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区滨海湿地为研究区，基于多源遥感数据，阐明了滨海湿地互花米草群落的入侵过程和扩张模式；基于连续水文监测、大规模采样和无人机数据，量化了自然环境条件下水盐交互作用对互花米草群落特征的影响；基于水盐交互三维高斯模型，模拟和预测了互花米草群落的空间格局。研究结果有助于更好地理解湿地系统的植被演替过程以及湿地结构和功能的关系，完善湿地生态水文学的研究内容和方法，具有重要的理论意义；同时本研究结果也可为滨海湿地互花米草的生态防治以及滨海湿地生态系统的科学保护和管理提供科学依据，具有显著的应用价值。