互花米草入侵对滨海湿地土壤丛枝菌根真菌生物量及群落结构的影响

Spartina alterniflora invasion has caused serious damage to the natural ecosystem of coastal wetland. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) is an important microbial resource in coastal wetlands, which plays an important role in maintaining its ecological balance. However, it is not clear whether the AMF biomass and community in natural habitats will be affected by the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. Based on this, this project proposed the scientific question how Spartina alterniflora influence the AMF biomass and community structure in coastal wetlands. This project intends to study the rhizosphere soil AMF of invasive plant (Spartina alterniflora) and native plants of Yellow River Delta in different geographic regions at different time. It will reveal the tempo-spatial distribution of AMF biomass and community composition in exotic and native plants, by means of Glomalin-related soil protein， Phospholipid fatty acid and high-throughput sequencing under large scale analysis methods. Furthermore, the main controlling environmental factors of AMF community change in the process of the invasion were discussed, and the influence of the invasion on AMF in coastal wetland and the environmental response were revealed. The research results will deepen the understanding of invasive plant-AMF- native plants. This project will contribute not only to the theory basis for invasion of the feedback mechanism of Spartina alterniflora, but also our understanding of the invasion of coastal wetland plants and control management.

互花米草入侵对滨海湿地自然生态系统造成严重破坏。丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）是滨海湿地重要的微生物资源，对维持其生态平衡具有重要作用。然而互花米草入侵如何影响滨海湿地自然生境中土壤AMF群落尚不清楚。基于此，本项目提出“互花米草入侵对滨海湿地AMF生物量及群落结构的影响如何”这一科学问题，拟以黄河三角洲滨海湿地不同区域、不同时间互花米草和土著植物根际土壤AMF为研究对象，通过球囊霉素测定、磷酸脂肪酸分析、高通量测序、生物信息分析等手段，研究互花米草及土著植物根际土壤AMF生物量及群落结构的时空分布特征，探讨驱动互花米草入侵过程中AMF群落变化的主控环境因子，揭示互花米草入侵对滨海湿地AMF的影响及其环境响应规律。这一研究将加深互花米草入侵对滨海湿地土著微生物影响的认识，为滨海湿地互花米草的控制提供理论依据，为外来入侵植物预防提供参考。

植物入侵严重威胁着滨海湿地生物多样性，对入侵地自然生态系统结构和功能造成巨大破坏。滨海湿地生态系统中的丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）是提高植物抗逆性的重要微生物资源，然而植物入侵是否会对滨海湿地自然生境中AMF群落产生影响、影响程度如何目前尚不清楚。本项目以黄河三角洲不同地理区域土著植物和入侵互花米草根系为研究对象，以AMF为切入点，利用分子生物学技术，通过高通量测序手段，系统分析了土著植物和入侵植物根际AMF群落结构的异同及时空变化特征。研究发现：（1）互花米草入侵显著改变了本土植物共生AMF多样性、群落组成及群落结构，且造成互花米草及土著植物根际AMF群落组成差异的主要类群是未分类的丛枝菌根真菌。（2）互花米草根际AMF群落结构较本土植物根际AMF群落结构更为集中，不同时间及空间的根际AMF群落结构有趋同性，这说明入侵后互花米草会向着有利于入侵的共生AMF群落结构发展，从而保证入侵地位。（3）土壤中可溶性磷对该地区植物根际AMF群落组成都有显著的影响。研究成果有助于拓展滨海湿地互花米草入侵对AMF影响的认识，为滨海湿地互花米草的控制提供理论依据，为外来入侵植物预防提供参考。