液体注入式多孔各向异性防污材料的设计及其液滴传输调控

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) with excellent self-healing properties, self-cleaning properties and good stability, have important applications in the field of environmentally friendly materials and products. The remaining challenges are establishing methods for achieving an anisotropic self-cleaning and controlling a drop’s movement under external stimuli on the SLIPS. Inspired by the anisotropic liquid-infused self-cleaning mechanism of the biological surfaces, we will prepare anisotropic polymer porous materials by using spin-coating and freeze-drying method. After carefully designing polymer and lubricating liquid, we will explore the influence of parameters such as porous structure, chemical composition and the type of lubricating liquid on droplets anisotropic transport, the relationship of molecular level interface interaction and their stability and self-cleaning behavior; reveal the mechanism of their self-cleaning properties, a droplet anisotropic transport and smart regulation. By implementing this project, the directional self-cleaning and smart regulation model of liquid-infused porous surfaces will be established, an anisotropic droplet transport and smart regulation on this kind of surfaces will be achieved and a stable anisotropic smart antifouling material will be obtained. It will provide practical guidance for solving the directional anti-fouling problem of materials. This project has not only innovative but also important scientific significance because it will provide a new idea for designing stable environmentally friendly anisotropic antifouling material.

液体注入式多孔防污材料因具有优异的自修复性、卓越的自清洁性和良好的稳定性，在节能环保材料和产品领域具有重要的前景。但是目前如何在这类材料上实现各向异性的自清洁及液滴运动的智能调控依然没有解决。本课题拟从液体注入式生物表面各向异性防污机制出发，采用旋涂和冷冻干燥相结合的方法制备平行于基底的各向异性高分子多孔材料；通过设计响应性高分子和注入液，探索多孔结构、化学组成、注入液体类型等参数对界面上液滴各向异性传输的影响规律，分子层面的作用力与界面稳定性及自清洁行为的关系；揭示液体注入式多孔界面自清洁性、液滴传输各向异性及其智能调控的机理。通过本项目的实施，拟建立液体注入式多孔材料方向性自清洁和智能调控的结构模型，实现各向异性的液滴传输和外场刺激下的智能调控，获得稳定的智能防污材料，为各向异性防污问题的解决提供有价值的参考。本项目为设计稳定的新型环保各向异性防污材料提供新思路，具有重要的科学意义。

液体注入式多孔防污材料因具有优异的自修复性、卓越的自清洁性和良好的稳定性，在节能环保材料和产品领域具有重要的前景。但是如何在这类材料上实现各向异性的自清洁及液滴运动的智能调控依然没有解决。本课题从液体注入式生物表面各向异性防污机制出发，采用旋涂和冷冻干燥相结合的方法制备平行于基底的各向异性高分子多孔材料；通过设计响应性高分子和注入液，系统研究了多孔结构、化学组成、注入液体类型等参数对界面上液滴各向异性传输的影响规律，分子层面的作用力与界面稳定性及自清洁行为的关系；揭示液体注入式多孔界面自清洁性、液滴传输各向异性及其智能调控的机理，所取得的成果具体总结如下：（1）发展了普适性的界面薄层定向冷冻干燥技术，实现了高分子界面结构取向。（2）成功制备了各向异性的液体注入式多孔界面，实现了界面上液体传输的各向异性。协同智能响应高分子材料或者润滑剂的引入，实现了各向异性液体注入式多孔界面上液体传输的智能调控。（3）建立了界面自清洁行为与界面作用力之间的关系模型，探索了界面自清洁的规律和本质。从界面分子层面的相互作用力的角度探索了界面液体传输行为的影响因素。（4）构建了稳定的抗粘附自清洁界面。使用凝胶多孔网络、分子刷等代替高分子多孔网络提升了液体注入式界面的稳定性。此外，尝试使用固体润滑剂取代液体润滑剂，进一步实现了界面的稳定性提升。项目执行期间申请专利8项，获得授权4项，发表SCI论文15篇，其中影响因子大于10.0的10篇，项目负责人获得国家优秀青年基金资助。