不同草场管理方式对内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能及其价值的影响

Ecosystem services has become one of the hot topic in ecology. Grassland ecosystems can produce numerous goods and services for human-being, such as food, climate regulation, soil reservation and so on. There are several different grassland management regimes in the Inner Mongolia steppe. Therefore, studying how different management regimes affect grassland ecosystem services is needed. This study was made in the Inner Mongolia steppe with four different management regimes (grazing, fencing, mowing and grazing combined mowing). Various ecosystem services have been quantified based on a series of field measurements and laboratory experiments. Afterwards, their monetary value has been assessed using economic methods. The aims of this study are to elucidate the effect of different management regimes on ecosystem services and their economic value, to clarify the relationship between different ecosystems services. This study not only can enrich the methods and theory of valuation of grassland ecosystem services, but also provide the suitable management regimes for sustainable grassland ecosystems.

生态系统服务是生态学研究的前沿和热点之一，草地生态系统可为人类提供物质产品、气候调节、土壤保持等多项服务功能。内蒙古草场存在多种管理方式，不同管理方式对草地生态系统服务产生的影响还需进一步研究。因此，本研究将以内蒙古典型草原主要的四种草场管理方式（放牧、割草、围封和放牧割草）下的草地生态系统为研究对象，基于野外试验和室内实验方法测定草地生态系统的多项服务功能，并结合生态经济学方法对其进行价值评估，从而揭示草场管理方式对草地生态系统服务功能及其价值的影响，并进一步探讨草地生态系统多项服务功能之间的相互关系。该研究在丰富草地生态系统服务功能价值评估理论的同时，对于未来合理管理草地资源，实现草地资源的可持续利用具有重大的指导意义。

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，评估内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务价值对草地生态系统的可持续发展具有指导意义。本项目量化了草地生态系统的12项服务功能（牧草产品、牧草品质，氮素调节，碳吸收，生物防治，土壤侵蚀防护，土壤水分，土壤碳库，土壤碳库，净初级生产力，生物多样性，健康指数），发现草场管理方式显著影响草地生态系统的供给、调节和文化服务，但对支持服务的影响不显著。供给服务与调节服务之间存在“权衡”关系，而调节服务之间存在“协同”关系。草场围封能够恢复草地的生态功能，但对生产功能有较大影响。草地生态系统每年每公顷的生态系统服务总价值在7400-8435元之间，其中生态价值占比80%以上。