Reconstruction of injured neural network in spianl cord is an important scientific issue, which is unsettled so far. Microenvironment of injury area of spinal cord is a major reason that prevents endogenic neurons from repaiting neural network. Our previour study suggested that combination of neural stem cell(NSC)-derived neural network scaffold, endogenous neurotrophic factor(NT-3) and nerve growth inhibiting factor(LINGO-1) antagonist could improve the microenvironment, which is a key strategy to settle above-mentioned issue. The present study attempts to transplant an NSC-derived neural network scaffold to the injury site of spinal cord transected completely, simultaneously to upregulate endogenous NT-3 level and to depress endogenous LINGO-1 level in spinal cord, for exploring the mechanism on combination of the three factors to repair injured neural network. Meanwhile,it will be observed that the effect of intracellular signal pathway induced with NT-3 on constructing the functional neural network between the neurons derived NSCs overexpressing TrkC in the scaffold and the effects of repaired neural network of spinal cord on protecting the neurons of cerebrum and spinal cord, promoting myelination of the regenerating axons and recovering automatic action. If some ascending and descending axons, including regenerating cortical spinal track, could reconstruct the synaptic structure with NSC-derived neural network, the tough problem of regenerating axons of cortical spinal track, and so on, crossing hardly the transected site of spinal cord, will be overcomed.
脊髓受损伤神经网络的再构建是尚未解决的重大科学问题,原因是脊髓损伤处微环境难以让内源性神经元修复神经网络。我们前期研究揭示,联合采用能改善脊髓微环境的神经干细胞(NSCs)源性神经网络支架、内源性神经营养因子(NT-3)和神经生长抑制因子(LINGO-1)拮抗剂可能是解决这问题的关键策略。本研究试图将NSCs源性神经网络支架移植入动物脊髓全横断损伤处,同时上调脊髓内源性NT-3水平和降低脊髓内LINGO-1水平,探讨这三种因素联合应用修复受损伤神经网络的机制;同时观察NT-3介导的细胞内信号通路对过表达TrkC的NSCs分化的神经元之间在支架内形成功能性结构的影响以及脊髓神经网络的修复对保护大脑和脊髓神经元、促进其再生轴突髓鞘形成及其恢复自主运动的作用。如果再生的大脑皮质脊髓束等上、下行轴突能够与NSC源性神经网络形成突触联系,将攻克皮质脊髓束等再生轴突不容易穿越脊髓横断性损伤处的难题。
研究表明,脊髓损伤处的微环境不利于其自身重建神经网络。因此要设法改善脊髓损伤处的微环境,重新建立新的神经环路。为此本研究应用过表达神经营养素-3(NT-3)的雪旺细胞,在明胶海绵支架中作用过表达TrkC的成体干细胞形成功能性神经网络组织;再将这种干细胞源性神经元形成的神经网络整合到受损伤脊髓的神经网络中,让干细胞源性神经元与宿主脊髓神经元之间建立联系,以及宿主再生神经纤维与移植的干细胞源性神经元之间建立联系,在脊髓内起到修复受损伤的上下行神经传导通路的中继器(relay)作用,恢复脊髓自主运动功能。. 结果显示:1.在体外采用生物支架、神经营养因子和基因修饰的神经干细胞(NSCs)成功构建了类脊髓组织;体外培养显示,NSC源性神经元可长出轴突到类白质,被少突胶质细胞包绕形成有髓鞘的轴突。类灰质神经元之间形成突触结构。应用膜片钳技术可诱发神经元产生动作电位,可记录到兴奋性突触后电流和抑制性突触后电流。2.将类脊髓组织移植到脊髓损伤处能够存活2个月以上,其中的NSC源性神经元能够与再生的宿主轴突形成突触连接。这些宿主轴突能被髓鞘包绕,能修复脊髓诱发电位传导功能。表明类脊髓组织能够整合到宿主脊髓神经网络中,明显改善受损伤脊髓的运动功能恢复。.为进一步了解移植的组织工程神经网络组织修复比格犬脊髓损伤的机制,本研究采用顺行示踪、免疫组织化学以及免疫电镜等探索功能修复的神经解剖学机理。结果显示,移植的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)源性神经元样细胞能存活长达6个半月,通过突触样连接与脊髓宿主神经环路整合。更重要的是,借助电生理学技术证实,皮质脊髓束与移植细胞之间的整合是具有传导功能的整合。这表明该神经网络组织移植能够在脑和尾端脊髓间发挥“神经元中继器”的作用,从而促进全横断脊髓损伤的比格犬的承重运动和协调运动。. 本研究不仅对神经网络组织潜在的临床应用提供新思路,而且为大动物脊髓损伤后的病理生理学变化提供了新认识,也为脊髓损伤病人恢复基本的运动功能带来新希望。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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