青少年吸烟行为的干预研究

Adolescents' smoking behavior and its risks have become a big social concern. A survey done by Ministry of Health in 1996 reported, 35% male middle school students and 43% high school students were smokers. It was estimated 5 millions adolescents are smokers. A number of studies found, cigarette use is harmful to adolescents' physical and mental development, and more important, adolescents who smoke will be more likely to be a smokers after they grow up; furthermore, smoking cigarette is a gateway for adolescents' drug use, and is relative to adolescents' delinquency. How to prevent and intervene adolescents' smoking behavior has become a big problem which must be resolved urgently.For the above-mentioned reasons, we carried out a prevention and intervention study of adolescents' smoking behavior. Based on the prevention and intervention programs which were developed by other researchers and research results which were found by our studies since 1990, we developed a prevention and intervention program of adolescents' smoking behavior titled "Stay Away From Tobacco"(SAFT). This program includes three components: (1)harm of cigarette use, including short-term and long-term harm; (2)adolescents' resistance skills, including resistance to peer pressure and advertising; (3)cognition change, including change adolescents' mis-beliefs on cigarette use, for example, cigarette use is helpful to friendship and decreasing anxiety, etc. The program includes 7 sessions, 45min. per session, one session per week, and applies lectures, videotape, role plays, group discussions etc.. The study use intervention group ad control group design. The first, 412 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th graders from one general school in Beijing were selected to explore the short-term effects of the program on decreasing adolescents' smoking behavior. The research team members implemented the program, data were collected before (wave 1)and after the intervention(wave 2). The second, 382 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th graders from another general school in Beijing were selected to explore the short-term and long-term effects of the program, and the effects of the research team members as interveners and school teachers as interveners. There were 3 waves data collection, besides wave 1 and 2, wave 3 data were collected 6 months later after wave 2 data collection.The results show, (1)the short-term effects of intervention are significant. The rate of subjects who are smokers in intervention group decrease 5.2%, but the rate of subjects who are smokers in control group increase 2.3%. The effects for male subjects, high school students, and occasional smokers are more significant than for female subjects, middle school students, and regular smokers; (2)The long-term effects of intervention are significant. The rates of intervention group subjects who are smokers at wave1, 2, and 3 are individually 8.8%, 3.2% and 2.9%, and the rates for control group subjects are individually 4.4%,7.9%,10.1%; (3) the effects of intervention when research team members are interveners are better than when school teachers are interveners. When research team members are interveners, the rates of subjects who are smokers decrease 7.2% from wave1 to wave2, 0.9% from wave2 to wave3, but when school teachers are interveners, the rates decrease 4% from wave1 to wave2, no change from wave2 to wave3; (4)the short-term effects of intervention for changing subjects' perception of advantages and disadvantages of cigarette use are very significant, but the long-term effects aren't significant..According to the results, the following topics should be explored in the future, (1)How to increase the intervention effects; (2)How to increase the intervention effects when school teachers are interveners.

本研究强调心理因素在青少年吸烟行为中的作用，以初一至高三学生为被试，实施健康教育、社会影响和社会认知干预。研究着重探讨影响青少年吸烟行为干预方法的有效构成成分，不同干预方法的即时与长期效果。结果将为预防和干预日益普遍的青少年吸烟行为提供依据，有助与青少年身心健康发展。.